A proposal for the structuring of water

Chaplin, Martin F.

doi:10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00142-8

Cited by 290 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…14 It has long been postulated that water in confined spaces can have dramatically different physical properties from bulk water in extended spaces. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Three-dimensional hydrogen networks in bulk water are disrupted at solid-liquid interfaces due to the confined geometries and the interaction of water with other materials. Water molecules next to other materials will rearrange to form confined water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a confined space, such as a biological cell, this confined water is thought to behave differently from bulk water to a substantial degree. 8,13,16,[20][21][22] The layers of water in confined spaces affect the biological processes and functions of biomolecules (lipids, DNA, proteins, etc.) [23][24][25][26][27][28] through the change of mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct observation of self-assembled chain-like water structures in a nanoscopic water meniscus

Kim

Boehm

Bonander

2013

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Sawtooth-like oscillatory forces generated by water molecules confined between two oxidized silicon surfaces were observed using a cantilever-based optical interfacial force microscope when the two surfaces approached each other in ambient environments. The humidity-dependent oscillatory amplitude and periodicity were 3-12 nN and 3-4 water diameters, respectively. Half of each period was matched with a freely jointed chain model, possibly suggesting that the confined water behaved like a bundle of water chains. The analysis also indicated that water molecules self-assembled to form chain-like structures in a nanoscopic meniscus between two hydrophilic surfaces in air. From the friction force data measured simultaneously, the viscosity of the chain-like water was estimated to be between 10 8 and 10 10 times greater than that of bulk water. The suggested chain-like structure resolves many unexplained properties of confined water at the nanometer scale, thus dramatically improving the understanding of a variety of water systems in nature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of self-assembled chain-like water structures in a nanoscopic water meniscus

Kim

Boehm

Bonander

2013

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Atomic force microscopy at airwater interfaces has indicated that the surface polarization causes the presence of nano-sized clusters of water within about 250 nm of the interface (Teschke and de Souza, 2005). These clusters are apparently built up from ~100 H 2 O molecule clusters; the same size that forms the core clusters in the icosahedral model of water (Chaplin, 2000) and as found by X-ray analysis in Mo-based nanodrops (Müller et al 2003). Teschke and de Souza (2005) describe the surface as oscillating between greater and lesser organization with sharp boundaries between them.…”

Section: Surface Tension and Related Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Untitled

2009

WATER

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SummaryThere is considerable disagreement over whether the gas/liquid surface of water is positive due to the presence of surface-active hydrogen ions or negative due to the presence of surface-active hydroxyl ions. Much has been written and many experimental and simulation studies have been undertaken. We critically analyze these studies to establish what is known unambiguously and what assumptions underlie these opposite views. The conclusion reached after this examination is that there is much misunderstanding over the strength of the evidence for hydrogen ions being surface active and less support for the positive surface than generally regarded. The surface of neutral water is negatively charged.

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“…Upon heating of water by microwave, the water cluster will adopt a more mobile and less ordered structure, and an expanded water cluster can be converted into a puckered structure [16]. The tendency of water molecules to adopt a puckered structure following the irradiation by microwave was indicated by a lower inter-planar spacing d value of microwave-treated water at 27.94 ± 0.74Å than untreated water at 28.15 ± 0.28Å.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Microwave on Water and Its Influence on Drug Dissolution

Wong¹,

Iskhandar²,

Kamal³

et al. 2009

PIER C

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Abstract-Use of water with different molecular mobilities could affect drug dissolution of a dosage form and such profile of water might be modifiable using microwave. This study investigated the effects of microwave on water and its influences on dissolution of free drugs and drugs in calcium-crosslinked alginate beads using sulphanilamide and sulphamerazine as hydrophilic and hydrophobic model drugs respectively. The water was treated by microwave at 300 W or without pre-treatment. The drug dissolution, pH and molecule mobility profiles of untreated and microwave-treated water were examined. Microwave-treated water had higher pH and water molecule mobility. The latter was characterized by higher conductivity, lower molecular interaction and crystallinity profiles. The dissolution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic free or encapsulated drugs was enhanced using microwave-treated water due to its higher molecular mobility. The untreated water of the same pH as microwave-treated water did not enhance drug dissolution. The drug dissolution from beads was increased by higher water uptake leading to matrix erosion and pore formation using microwave-treated water and was not promoted by the formation of non-crosslinked hydrated alginic acid matrix in untreated water of lower pH. Microwave treatment of water increased water molecule mobility and can promote drug dissolution.

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A proposal for the structuring of water

Cited by 290 publications

References 48 publications

Direct observation of self-assembled chain-like water structures in a nanoscopic water meniscus

Direct observation of self-assembled chain-like water structures in a nanoscopic water meniscus

Untitled

Effects of Microwave on Water and Its Influence on Drug Dissolution

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