A Proposal that Herpesviruses are Co-Factors of HIV Disease

Abstract

SummaryThere is now extensive evidence that herpesviruses can interact with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. To determine if such interactions could be operative in vivo, evidence from AIDS autopsy series are reviewed. Using basic histopathological techniques, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HIV coinfection of various individual cet'G has been demonstrated. Using cell culture, CMV has been detected ln 66% and herpes simplex virus in 11% of patients. Using immunocytochemistry, human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) has been found in virtually all tissue sections. The hypothesis that these viruses contribute to the death of individuals with AIDS is supported by the results of two double-blind, placebocontrolled randomized trials of high-dose aciclovir and an observational study of the same drug. All three studies have shown improved survival. Thus, the case is made that herpesviruses act as co-factors of HIV disease, and that inhibition of such infections represents a potential way of reducing mortality in those with AIDS. This paper was presented as the case for in a debate on 'Herpesviruses as co-factors of HIV disease'. The case against was made by Don Jeffries (see page 22).

Herpesviruses as Co-Factors of HIV Disease: Case not Proven

“…This paper was presented as the case against in a debate on 'Herpesviruses as co-factors of HIV disease'. The case for was made by Paul Griffiths (1995). Prior to the debate, the vote was: 16 for, 3 against, 2 don't know.…”

“…Before proceeding to a detailed examination of the evidence and consideration of other factors associated with HIV disease progression, it is important to define the word 'co-factor' -this author is satisfied with the definition provided by Professor Paul Griffiths (Griffiths, 1995) i.e. 'a co-factor is an infectious agent which interacts at the molecular or cellular level to promote HIV pathogenicity'.…”

Effect of Herpesvirus Inhibition on Primary SIV Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys

“…Conflicting reports on activation and inhibition of HIV by different members of the herpesvirus family might be explained by differences in experimental systems. Herpesviruses as a cofactor for HIV disease has recently been debated; the case for was made by Griffiths (1995): the case against by Jeffries (1995).…”