A proposed multivariate model for prediction of facial growth

Bhatia, S. N.; Wright, Graham; Leighton, B. C.

doi:10.1016/0002-9416(79)90274-4

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, Weinmann and Sicher (1955) referred to a senile enlargement of the frontal sinus, suggesting that some growth may still take place after puberty, but gave no indication of how much or in how many subjects this occurred. Because the data on when sinus enlargement ceased are imprecise, an analysis has been made of the lateral cephalograms from the longitudinal studies undertaken and reported by Leighton (1971), Bhatia and Leighton (1971), and Bhatia, Wright and Leighton (1979), of subjects who had been followed for up to 24 years of age. It has been possible to determine when sinus enlargement ceases, the earliest age the sinus may be observed and mean length of the growth period as well as the final height of the frontal sinus.…”

Section: Introduetionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enlargement of the frontal sinus

Brown

Molleson

Chinn

1984

Annals of Human Biology

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The enlargement of the frontal sinus has been analysed in a longitudinal study of 49 males and 47 females for whom a first lateral cephalogram was available at from 2 to 5 years of age for 88 subjects and from 6 to 11 years for 8 subjects. Thereafter the cephalograms were taken at approximately yearly intervals and in 28 subjects a last cephalogram was taken at 24 years or older. In only six subjects was enlargement of the sinus still proceeding at the time of the last cephalogram . The enlargement was assessed by a standardized measurement of the maximum vertical height of the sinus. The median age for the first appearance of the frontal sinus was 3 X 25 years for the boys and 4 X 58 years for the girls. It enlarged on average to 32 X 60 mm (SD 9 X 10) in the males and 26 X 60 mm (SD 7 X 50) in the females. The median age at which the main increase in size of the sinus ceased was 15 X 68 years for boys and 13 X 72 years for girls, thus suggesting that the enlargement of the frontal sinus, a mainly osteoclastic activity, follows very closely the trends for growth in bone lengths.

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Section: Introduetionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enlargement of the frontal sinus

Brown

Molleson

Chinn

1984

Annals of Human Biology

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“…6 As the number and indications of variables are of considerable importance in multivariate statistics, the results of analysis are greatly affected by the variables selected. 5,7 Many overlapping variables may bias the results. 5 To eliminate variable bias in the present study, parameters were classifi ed according to similarity by cluster analysis in order to select representative parameters for each class.…”

Section: Methods For Value Selection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Principal component analysis also offers a practical approach for cephalometric analysis by converting or creating variables. 8 Apart from principal component analysis, cluster analysis can also be used for quantitative classifi cation of craniofacial patterns, 7 whereas discriminant function analysis can be used for prediction of facial growth 7,9 and for detection of similar cases. 8 Multivariate statistics are, therefore, effective for multidimensional analysis of craniofacial morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Solow 5 recommended evaluation with the aid of factor analysis in cases with many variables, such as those involving craniofacial morphology. Factor analysis was used by Liebgott 6 and Bhatia et al 7 to study craniofacial morphology more comprehensively by synthesizing the common variables. Similar to factor analysis, principal component analysis involves the synthesis of multiple variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on craniofacial morphology of Japanese subjects with normal occlusion and esthetic profile

Nakahara

2007

Odontology

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This study was designed to properly characterize the cephalometric values of Japanese individuals with both normal occlusion and esthetic profiles. Multivariate statistics were applied to analyze the collected data. Cephalometric values identified are expected to help in the simplification of orthodontic diagnosis. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 50 men and 50 women with normal occlusion were traced and the dimensions of hard and soft tissues recorded. The corresponding values were classified by cluster analysis, and selected representative values were subjected to principal component analysis. From these values, characteristics of hard and soft tissue morphology were extracted. The subjects were grouped by sex, and subdivided into esthetic and unesthetic profile groups. The principal component scores from each group were plotted on a scattergram and the characteristics of each group investigated. The hard tissue characteristics in men with esthetic profiles were primarily vertical factors, including a tendency for smaller lower facial heights, a smaller mandibular plane angle, and a larger Nasion-ANS/ANS-Menton (N-ANS/ANS-Me). Soft tissue features included a more posteriorly placed maxilla and a high nasal crest. These features yield a less marked maxillary prognathism and a greater nose prominence. In females, hard tissue characteristics associated with esthetic profiles primarily involved the cranial base and posterior facial area. These included a smaller saddle angle, larger articulare angle, and smaller Sella-Articulare/Articlare-Gonion (S-Ar/Ar-Go). Female soft tissue characteristics primarily included retracted upper and lower lips, a shallow inferior sulcus with a smaller lower lip-Frankfort plane angle, and a shorter mentolabial sulcus and subnasale perpendicular-upper lip.

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“…Bhatia et al [5] and Suzuki et al [34] described a multivariate approach to growth prediction, characterized by the combined use of factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis. As a first step, a factor analysis was D ie Behandlung skelettaler Anomalien im Gesichtssch~idelbereich wird in entscheidendem Mage vom individuellen Wachstumsverlauf des Patienten beeinflugt.…”

Section: Schllisselw6rter: Wachstumsvorhersagementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the predictive impact of cephalometric variables

Lux

Conradt

Stellzig

et al. 1999

J Orofac Orthop/Fortschr Kieferorthop

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In the context of orthodontic treatment planning, the decisions to be made are often affected by the assumption of future growth patterns, especially the direction of mandibular rotation. Using longitudinally available lateral cephalograms from the Belfast Growth Study, it was examined whether, on the basis of the cephalometric variables at the ages of 7, 9 and 11, the direction of mandibular rotation can be predicted in the respective subsequent 4-year intervals. For statistical analysis of this problem, logistic regression models were applied to describe and quantify the influence of potential explanatory variables on the direction of mandibular rotation (dependent variable). In addition, graphical methods taken from the field of medical diagnostics were applied for prediction and for determination of predictive accuracy. The use of logistic regression models revealed no relations between the explanatory variables SN-MeGo and S-Go/N-Me and the subsequent mandibular growth pattern. Only the upper and lower parts of the gonial angle showed a minor predictive impact. A graphical evaluation of their prognostic impact by means of "receiver operating characteristics" (ROC) curves, complemented by determination of the areas under the curves, confirmed the relations discovered. Nevertheless the prognostic limits of the lateral cephalogram emerged clearly for all variables investigated.

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A proposed multivariate model for prediction of facial growth

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Enlargement of the frontal sinus

Enlargement of the frontal sinus

A study on craniofacial morphology of Japanese subjects with normal occlusion and esthetic profile

Evaluation of the predictive impact of cephalometric variables

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