A proposed synergetic mechanism for metal fume fever involving ZnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Abstract

Metal fumes fever (MFF) is an inflammatory condition, whose mechanism is yet unclear, associated with the inhalation of metal fumes, particularly zinc. In this study we investigate experimentally the hypothesis of a two-step mechanism of MFF onset: (1) the photocatalytic production of airborne hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via ZnO and (2) the production of hydroxyl radicals (HOׄ) through Fenton reaction via magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Photocatalysis and Fenton reaction products were measured using a multiscattering-enhanced absorbance device and assessing the degradation of bromophenol blue with microplate photometry, respectively. We observed that in the presence of UV, ZnO produces 3 to 4-times more H2O2 than UV alone or that non-UV irradiated ZnO. In the presence of biologically-relevant ligands, we also measured a Fenton reaction at physiological pH with either Fe(II), Fe(III) or Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Our results support the hypothesis of a two-step mechanism of MFF onset, in which the prior presence of Fe in the lungs exacerbates the oxidative stress, triggered by the photocatalysis of ZnO, a situation that could occurs when welding galvanized steel. More broadly, this raises the question of the role of the Fenton mechanism in respiratory exposure to metal particles and its possible contribution to other lung diseases.

Magnetically Recoverable Multifunctional MoS2 Composite Nanosheets for Water Disinfection and Purification with High Efficiency

“…Compared with Fe 3 O 4 alone, MF showed a stronger UV–vis absorption, implying an enhanced catalytic activity. This was probably due to the cocatalytic reaction mediated by the Mo 4+ /Mo 6+ redox couples. − After the ZnO loading, MFZ had optimal absorbance at 652 nm, which was mainly attributed to the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. , Interestingly, we found that the absorbance at 652 nm strengthened with increasing temperature, suggesting that a high temperature promoted the production of • OH (Figure B). The resulting oxTMB solution had enhanced absorbances at 652 nm with the increase of MFZ concentrations (Figure C).…”

“…20−24 After the ZnO loading, MFZ had optimal absorbance at 652 nm, which was mainly attributed to the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. 51,52 Interestingly, we found that the absorbance at 652 nm strengthened with increasing temperature, suggesting that a high temperature promoted the production of • OH (Figure 2B). The resulting oxTMB solution had enhanced absorbances at 652 nm with the increase of MFZ concentrations (Figure 2C).…”