A Prospective 30-Year Follow-Up of ADHD Associated With Perinatal Risks

Tervo, Timo; Michelsson, Katarina; Launes, Jyrki; Hokkanen, Laura

doi:10.1177/1087054714548036

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…later retrospectively classified a total of 122 individuals as having ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. criteria [ 29 ] using childhood data described above, ensuring an onset of symptoms before age 7 and persistence of over 6 months [ 30 ]. The cAP group was created based on the same childhood data, namely information from informant reports and clinical assessments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For an individual to be classified into the cAP group moderate ADHD symptoms had to be present in at least two settings (i.e., in day care and in one clinical assessment) or severe symptoms in one setting. The diagnostic evaluation for ADHD and forming the childhood attention problems group has been described in more detail elsewhere [ 26 , 30 ]. The cADHD group had no history of ADHD medication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality in individuals with childhood ADHD or subthreshold symptoms – a prospective perinatal risk cohort study over 40 years

et al. 2022

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Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with negative life outcomes and recent studies have linked it to increased mortality. These studies have examined nationwide registers or clinic-referred samples and mostly included participants up until the age of 30. No studies have investigated mortality associated with subthreshold levels of ADHD symptoms. Our aim was to analyze mortality in a perinatal risk cohort of 46-year-old adults with childhood ADHD (cADHD) and milder childhood attention problems (including hyperactivity and inattention; cAP) compared with a group with similar birth risks but no or low levels of childhood ADHD symptoms (Non-cAP). Causes of death obtained from a national register were examined. Methods Mortality was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard models for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality (natural and unnatural causes), and age-specific mortality (under and over age 30). All models were adjusted with gender. The total n in the study was 839 (cADHD n = 115; cAP n = 216; Non-cAP n = 508). Results By the age of 46, 11 (9.6%) deaths occurred in the cADHD group, 7 (3.2%) in the cAP group, and 20 (3.9%) in the Non-cAP group. The cADHD group had the highest mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.15; 95% CI 1.02, 4.54). Mortality was not elevated in the cAP group (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.72; 95% CI .30, 1.72). Mortality in the cADHD group was mainly attributed to unnatural causes of death (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.82; 95% CI 1.12, 7.12). The mortality risk in the cADHD group was sixfold before age 30 (adjusted hazard ratio = 6.20; 95% CI 1.78, 21.57). Conclusions Childhood ADHD was associated with a twofold risk of premature death by the age of 46 in this prospective longitudinal cohort study. Our results corroborate previous findings and the morbidity of ADHD. Subthreshold levels of childhood ADHD symptoms were not linked to increased mortality. Our results suggest that mortality risk is higher in young than middle adulthood. Future studies should examine mortality associated with ADHD in different ages in adulthood to identify those in greatest risk of premature death.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in individuals with childhood ADHD or subthreshold symptoms – a prospective perinatal risk cohort study over 40 years

et al. 2022

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“…Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that lasts for at least six months. It is a commonly appearing disorder in school-age children 1 ) . Many studies explain that dysfunctions in the brain’s prefrontal lobe and a deficiency in neurotransmitters account for the symptoms of ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a home-based sensorimotor program on executive and motor functions in children with ADHD: a case series

Kim

2018

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to learn about the effects of a home-oriented program based on sensorimotor activities on executive and motor functions in children with ADHD. [Participants and Methods] In this study, a home-based sensorimotor program was conducted for two male children diagnosed with ADHD. The participants performed the program with their parents four times a week, for forty minutes each time, over a 12-week period. The participants’executive functions and gross motor skills were evaluated using the Children’s Color Trails Test (CCTT) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2). [Results] After participating in the home-based sensorimotor program, the participants showed improvements in both their executive and motor functions. [Conclusion] This study confirmed that a home-based sensorimotor program was effective in improving executive and motor functions in children with ADHD. This conclusion suggests the need to develop various exercise programs that can relieve the symptoms of ADHD in children and improve their abilities to adapt at home or school.

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The Transition of Youth with ADHD into the Workforce: Review and Future Directions

Gordon

Fabiano

2019

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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A Prospective 30-Year Follow-Up of ADHD Associated With Perinatal Risks

Abstract: ADHD symptoms persist and impair the long-term educational, occupational, and psychiatric outcome. ADHD in participants with PR appears to follow a course seen in studies of unselected ADHD.

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Mortality in individuals with childhood ADHD or subthreshold symptoms – a prospective perinatal risk cohort study over 40 years

Mortality in individuals with childhood ADHD or subthreshold symptoms – a prospective perinatal risk cohort study over 40 years

The effects of a home-based sensorimotor program on executive and motor functions in children with ADHD: a case series

The Transition of Youth with ADHD into the Workforce: Review and Future Directions

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