A prospective analysis of injury rates, patterns and causes in Cliff and Splash Diving

Ernstbrunner, Lukas; Runer, Armin; Siegert, Paul; Ernstbrunner, Matthäus; Becker, Johannes; Freude, Thomas; Resch, Herbert; Moroder, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.injury.2017.08.007

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A modified classification was constructed according to previous sports epidemiology studies. 11,12 Skiing behavior was categorized as “very careful,” “cautious,” “willing to take some risks,” and “risk taker.” 11 Participants were divided into 3 groups, as beginner, advanced, and expert ski tourers. Further details are provided in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 An injury-event was defined as an incidence with possibly >1 injury type or affected anatomic location involved. 11,12…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recruitment of participants was based on previous sports injury surveillance studies, 11,12 and participants were contacted through the registries of the Austrian Skiing Association and the Austrian, German, and Swiss Alpine Clubs. Given the substantial geographic and climatic differences among several mountain chains, the aim was to include only participants who conducted their ski tours in the Alps region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Prospective Injury Surveillance Study on Ski Touring

Mueller

Ruedl

Ernstbrunner

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Ski touring is an outdoor sport with growing popularity in alpine countries. Information about injuries in ski touring is limited. Purpose: To determine injury rates, mechanisms, causes, and risk factors in ski touring. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Between November 2015 and May 2016, a total of 191 participants from the Alps region were prospectively tracked via personalized online questionnaires. Injury rates were calculated per 1000 hours of sports exposure. Risk factors were assessed per multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 3900 ski tours were performed, with 10,955 hours and 4,108,503 m in height ascension (uphill) recorded. The overall injury rate was 2.5 injuries per 1000 hours of ski touring. A total of 27 injury-events were reported, of which 18 (67%) were classified as mild, 7 (26%) as moderate, and 2 (7%) as severe. Hands (28%) and knees (16%) were the most commonly involved anatomic regions. Most injuries were limited to the soft tissue, such as bruises (31%) and abrasions (18%). Significantly more injuries happened during the descent (n = 17; 63%) than during the ascent (n = 6; 22%) (odds ratio, 5.96; P = .004), while poor weather conditions, icy surface, and inattentiveness were the most often reported reasons for injury. Sidecountry ski touring was identified as the only significant independent risk factor for injury ( P < .001). Conclusion: In this prospective injury surveillance study, the majority of ski touring injuries were mild and limited to the soft tissue. Ski touring injuries were more likely to happen during the descent of a tour, and sidecountry ski touring was the only significant independent risk factor for injury. Bad weather, icy surface, and inattentiveness were found to be the leading causes for an injury-event in this study.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 An injury-event was defined as an incidence with possibly >1 injury type or affected anatomic location involved. 11,12…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Prospective Injury Surveillance Study on Ski Touring

Mueller

Ruedl

Ernstbrunner

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Diving consists of falling or jumping through air into water from a platform, usually while performing acrobatics. During high diving competitions, the initial height reaches 27 m. From this height, the crossing of the water surface occurs at 85 km/h and as such it is very technical to avoid injuries [1][2][3][4][5]. Major risks occur from the violent impact at the water entry and the formation and collapse of the air cavity around the diver, if his body is not perfectly vertical and stiffened [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hydrodynamics of High Diving

Guillet

Mouchet

Belayachi

et al. 2020

The 13th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diving consists of jumping into water from a platform, usually while performing acrobatics. During high diving competitions, the initial height reaches 27 m. From this height, the crossing of the water surface occurs at 85 km/h, and as such it is very technical to avoid injuries. Major risks occur due to the violent impact at the water entry and the formation and collapse of the air cavity around the diver. In this study, we investigate experimentally the dynamics of the jumper underwater and the hydrodynamic causes of injuries in high dives by monitoring dives from different heights with high-speed cameras and accelerometers in order to understand the physics underlying diving.

show abstract

“…reported that almost 80% of injuries during cliff diving occurred while entering the water, with more than half of the injuries being related to entry in a feet or head first position. [ 1 ] Many cases of death and paralysis have been reported in unsupervised, recreational diving following injury to the head and cervical spine. The World High Diving Federation has formulated strict regulations for professional cliff diving competitions to reduce the possibility of injuries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%