A prospective analysis of the distribution of diseases of the oral mucosa in the “pre-covid” and COVID-19 periods

Abstract

Over the past decades, cases of diseases of the oral mucosa (MSM) and the red border of the lips (RLB) have become significantly more frequent, and the severity of the course of diseases has increased markedly. Some diseases of SOP are prone to relapses, their treatment is not always successful. These diseases often lead to serious complications, including malignant ones. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus infection was also one of the reasons that influenced the increase in the volume and variety of manifestations of MSM diseases. The purpose. To study the structure of MSM diseases in the “pre-epidemic” period and against the background of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the therapeutic and prophylactic department of the clinic of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. As part of the consultation, 988 patients with various diseases of MSM were examined from 2018 to 2022. The most common nosological forms of MSM diseases were identified. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – patients examined during the “pre-covid” period and group 2 – patients examined during the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients underwent the generally accepted methods of examination in the clinic (collection of complaints, anamnesis, examination of the litter, palpation). According to the indications, the presence of galvanism phenomena in the mouth (in the presence of orthopedic structures) was determined, bacterioscopic examination was performed and, in some cases, mainly for differential diagnosis, cytological examination and examination of the mucous membrane in the rays of a Wood lamp. Results and discussion. Analyzing the data obtained, we concluded that the overall increase in the number of patients who applied for MSM diseases in 2020-2022 increased the number of young patients aged 20 to 35 years. In the structure of diseases, the number of patients with such diseases as lichen planus (RLP), desquamative glossitis and glossalgia has increased. In the structure of dental lesions, cases of combined pathology of MSM diseases have become more frequent. Conclusions. In the complex of diagnostic studies of patients with MSM disease on the background of a coronavirus infection, in addition to a standard examination, it is necessary to introduce a general clinical examination by specialists such as a gastroenterologist, immunologist, neurologist, psychotherapist, dermatologist and others. Based on the etiology and clinic of MSM diseases in this category of patients, in addition to the prescribed generally accepted treatment regimens, it is necessary to prescribe drugs with effects on the autonomic and central nervous systems, as well as drugs that restore the intestinal and oral microflora.