A prospective microwave plasma source for <i>in situ</i> spaceflight applications

Farcy, Benjamin; Arévalo, Ricardo; Taghioskoui, Mazdak; McDonough, William F.; Benna, M.; Brinckerhoff, W. B.

doi:10.1039/d0ja00198h

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This may be because the ion source is unable to move with the 3D platform, and consequently, the optimal sampling depth cannot be adjusted by varying the He flow rate. For the sealed interface between the mass spectrometer and ion source, the pressure of the interface increased with an increase in the He flow rate, indicating that T e and N e both decreased . Thus, the ionization ability of plasma should decrease.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the sealed interface between the mass spectrometer and ion source, the pressure of the interface increased with an increase in the He flow rate, indicating that T e and N e both decreased. 21 Thus, the ionization ability of plasma should decrease. Therefore, He flow rates of 100 and 400 mL min −1 were preferred based on the sensitivity and S/B ratio, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To eliminate the related interferences, operations using “off-cone” sampling to produce relatively clean background spectra without sacrificing signal intensity have been reported. , However, this technique requires several predetermined conditions to complete the experiments, and the interferences caused by air can only be reduced, not eliminated. Farcy et al designed a low-pressure Ar/He-MIP, in which the ion source was placed in a quartz tube. Based on the investigations of the fundamental characteristics of the plasma, the low-pressure plasma was estimated to be an effective ionizer of elemental analytes, in which a reduction in power and gas consumption minimized the loss in the ionization efficiency. , Moreover, He was found to be a more efficient ionizing plasma gas, requiring only 23 W of power to ionize elemental (atomic) species with first ionization potentials of ≤15 eV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, alternative ion sources for MS have gained considerable interest following the demand for precision and accuracy in determining the elemental content and isotopic compositions of the aforementioned elements. An alternative that is of particular interest is a microwave-induced plasma (MIP) ion source. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Low-Pressure He-MC-MIP-MS and Its Application for Oxygen Isotopic Analysis

Lin,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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In Ar-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MS), Ar-related interference and the low ionization capacity of the Ar-ion source prevent facile and precise determination of certain elements. To address this problem, we investigated the application of microwave-induced plasma (MIP), and we improved its ionization capacity using He as the working gas. The MIP ion source was connected to a multicollector mass spectrometry (MC-MS) apparatus to improve the accuracy and precision of the isotopic analysis. A vacuum pump was used to achieve a low pressure (200−300 Pa) at the interface. The analytical figures of merit were discussed and evaluated by measuring the oxygen isotopes in oxygen. With the application of low-pressure He-MC-MIP-MS, the degree of ionization of oxygen could be significantly improved with He plasma. The interference of oxygen from the atmosphere could also be eliminated with lowpressure plasma, and the determination precision of oxygen isotopes could be improved with the application of MC-MS. Subsequently, using this method, 16 O 18 O/ 16 O 16 O was applied as the analytical ratio to investigate the interference, sensitivity, and precision. With this constructed method, the obtained long-term producibility of δ 18 O was 0.16‰ (2 SD), and the measured result for oxygen was consistent with that obtained by MAT 253 within the uncertainty limit. The development of low-pressure He-MC-MIP-MS can pave the way for the accurate measurement of nonmetal isotopes and easily interfered isotopes in Ar plasma.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of Low-Pressure He-MC-MIP-MS and Its Application for Oxygen Isotopic Analysis

Lin,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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“…Low power, reduced-pressure sources have been used for OES and MS for a number of years. Farcy et al 70 characterised just such an MIP source for potential use in spaceflight applications. Langmuir probe experiments were conducted to characterise the plasma and results obtained using the Saha equation were used to predict ionisation efficiencies for organic molecules and elements with high IPs.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

Evans

Pisonero

Smith

et al. 2022

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectrometry

Jankowski

Reszke²

2023

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Over the last decade, a revolutionary progress in both the instrumentation and the application of microwave plasma (MWP) systems for optical and mass spectrometry is observed. In this article, the current status of these systems is comprehensively reviewed and updated to 2022 to provide the reader with an advanced understanding of the theory, practices, and instrumentation associated with MWP‐based spectrometric techniques. Diverse MWP devices that can serve as atomizers, and radiation or ionization sources for various spectrometric techniques are all discussed and classified according to their fundamental microwave features and power coupling mode. Two basic MWP types constitute electrode‐operating capacitively coupled microwave plasmas (CMPs) and electrodeless microwave‐induced plasmas (MIPs). The recent development of the brand new devices such as microwave inductively coupled plasmas, rotating field MWPs, and microwave micro‐discharges is also discussed. In addition, so‐called tandem plasma sources that are a combination of MWP with another type of plasma are briefly commented on. An introduction to the various sampling techniques that can cope with MWPs such as hydride generation (HG), chemical vapor generation (CVG) and photochemical vapor generation (PCVG) for gaseous samples, solution nebulization for liquids, and dry aerosol generation techniques [electrothermal vaporization (ETV), spark (SA), laser ablation (LA), direct vaporization and ionization (DI), and continuous powder introduction (CPI)] for solids are presented highlighting their relative merits and demerits. Also, recent advances in sampling of nanoparticles for time‐resolved measurements and single particle analysis are mentioned. Further, a broad range of MWP‐based optical and mass spectrometric techniques is covered. Optical emission spectrometric (OES) methods based on MWPs are reviewed because a considerable amount of research is presently being performed in this field. Even when much less reported in the literature, several nonemission spectrometric techniques are also discussed. The mass spectrometry (MS) techniques including both the elemental mass spectrometry with hot MWPs and a variety of molecular MS techniques utilizing either hot or cold MWPs are discussed. Advances in sample introduction strategies, instrument optimization, calibration methods, and applications of MWP analytical spectrometry are discussed in the following sections. Due to the diversity of MWP instrumentation and related spectrometric techniques, it is impracticable to treat equally all of these issues in this survey. For this reason, the discussion of analytical performance and practical use is focused on key MWP‐based spectrometric techniques that have been employed, alone or hyphenated, using commercial instrumentation. The review of routine determination of metals and metalloids in different categories of samples is focused to cover the application of nitrogen MWP Optical Emission Spectrometer. Extended capabilities by hyphenating microwave plasma optical emission spectrometry (MWPOES) and microwave plasma mass spectrometry (MWPMS) to various well‐known separation techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography, and also size‐exclusion chromatography are discussed in brief. The application of advanced spectroscopic techniques in a wide range of environments focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on industrial and bioanalytical applications, its advantages, and limitations over other multielement instrumental techniques are discussed. Some of the areas where more developments can be expected in the future are suggested.

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A prospective microwave plasma source for in situ spaceflight applications

Abstract: We report full ionization of organic molecules or refractory elements with a low power and reduced-pressure microwave plasma source that can be applied to any specific analyzer for deployment in remote terrestrial and planetary environments.

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Development of Low-Pressure He-MC-MIP-MS and Its Application for Oxygen Isotopic Analysis

Development of Low-Pressure He-MC-MIP-MS and Its Application for Oxygen Isotopic Analysis

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectrometry

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