A prospective study of fusional convergence parameters in Chinese patients with intermittent exotropia

Yam, Jason C.; Chong, Gabriela S. L.; Wu, Patrick Kw; Wong, Ursula S. F.; Chan, Clement Wn; Ko, Simon Tak Chuen

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.03.023

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There was a strong correlation between the convergence break points detected using the prism bar and the control score at distance and near, similar to the study by Hatt et al [ 9 ]. Another study in Chinese children showed similar results [ 17 ]. There was no significant correlation between divergence amplitude detected by prism bar and control score, which is similar to the findings by Liebermann et al ( r = −0.29, P = 0.11) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Fusional Vergence Detected by Prism Bar and Synoptophore in Chinese Childhood Intermittent Exotropia

Wang

Levin

et al. 2015

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To measure the changes in fusional vergence in Chinese children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and the association with the control of IXT. Methods. Ninety-two patients with IXT (8–15 years old) were compared with 86 controls. Exodeviation control was evaluated using the Revised Newcastle Control Score. Angle of deviation was measured using prism and alternate cover testing at distance and near. Fusional vergence was measured using prism bar and synoptophore. This study was registered with ChiCTR-RCC-13003920. Results. Using prism bar, convergence break points were lower whereas divergence break points were higher in children with IXT at distance (P < 0.001) and near (P < 0.001) compared with controls. There was no significant difference in mean divergence amplitudes between the two groups when testing using a synoptophore (P = 0.53). In children with IXT, the distance between recovery point and break point in both convergence (distance: P = 0.02; near: P = 0.02) and divergence (distance: P < 0.001; near: P < 0.001) was larger than controls when detected by prism bar and synoptophore (convergence: P = 0.005; divergence: P = 0.006). Conclusions. Children with IXT have reduced convergence amplitudes as detected by both prism bar and synoptophore.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Fusional Vergence Detected by Prism Bar and Synoptophore in Chinese Childhood Intermittent Exotropia

Wang

Levin

et al. 2015

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Previously, Hatt et al and Yam et al had published cross section correlations between fusional reserves and clinical control by scoring systems. However our study is the first to associate fusional reserves with control over a 3-year study period 9 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The fusional reserve at distance was 7 +/− 8Δ, the fusional reserve at near was 21 +/− 14Δ, fusional recovery point at distance was 2 +/− 5Δ, and the fusional recovery point at near was 11 +/− 10Δ 9 . Yam et al was also able to correlate the control by NCS with the fusional convergence parameters in Chinese children 10 . Both Hatt et al and Yam et al reported that there were significant correlations between fusional convergence parameters especially the fusional reserve ratio and the control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The definition of the fusional parameters and method of measurement was reported by Yam et al 10 . The angle of deviation was not neutralized before the measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other parameters apart from these conventional ones may be helpful in understanding the natural history of IXT. Recent studies demonstrated that fusional convergence parameters are associated with the control of IXT 9 10 . Conducting a prospective study with the Newcastle Control Score would be helpful to understand the factors predicting the natural development of IXT.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Natural Course of Intermittent Exotropia over a 3-year Period and the Factors Predicting the Control Deterioration

Kwok

Chong

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The natural course of intermittent exotropia and the factors affecting its control has been unclear. We aim to report the natural course of our cohort of 117 Chinese children with intermittent exotropia and to identify baseline parameters that may have predictive value in the control deterioration of the disease. The visual acuity, spherical equivalent, compliance to orthoptic exercise, angle of deviation fusional convergence parameters and Newcastle Control Score were recorded for all children at baseline and at 3 years apart. Patients were divided into two groups according to the change in control over the 3 years: group 1 included patients who had no deterioration or had improvement in disease control; and group 2 were those who had deteriorated control or had undergone surgery. There were 77 patients (66%) in group 1 and 40 (34%) patients in group 2. Comparing the baseline parameters of the two groups, group 1 had statistically significantly smaller angle of deviation, larger fusional reserve, larger fusional recovery, and higher fusional reserve ratio (p < 0.05). Other baseline parameters were similar between the two groups. The baseline fusional parameters may have predictive value in determining the control of intermittent exotropia.

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Divergence excess and basic exotropia types of intermittent exotropia: a major review. Part 1: prevalence, classification, risk factors, natural history and clinical characteristics

Ma,

Scheiman

2023

Strabismus

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A prospective study of fusional convergence parameters in Chinese patients with intermittent exotropia

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Fusional Vergence Detected by Prism Bar and Synoptophore in Chinese Childhood Intermittent Exotropia

Fusional Vergence Detected by Prism Bar and Synoptophore in Chinese Childhood Intermittent Exotropia

The Natural Course of Intermittent Exotropia over a 3-year Period and the Factors Predicting the Control Deterioration

Divergence excess and basic exotropia types of intermittent exotropia: a major review. Part 1: prevalence, classification, risk factors, natural history and clinical characteristics

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