A prospective study of iliotibial band strain in runners

Hamill, Joseph; Miller, Ross H.; Noehren, Brian; Davis, Irene

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.04.017

Cited by 120 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, there is still a need to measure 3D kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activities of ITBFS injured and control runners during uphill and downhill running conditions to have a clear picture of the running variable differences between the injured and healthy groups. This thought is further indicated by Hamill et al, (2008) who found that the strain rate is greater in IT band injured female runners when compared to healthy matched runners, which represented the same subject group measured by Noehren et al, (2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…This increased tension of the band across the lateral epicondyle would result in a greater normal force at the site therefore increasing the friction present between the IT band and the bone. Hamill, Miller, Noehren, and Davis (2008) found that IT band injured runners had a greater strain rate of the IT band on their affected leg compared to the non-affected leg for healthy age and training matched controls. If these results were found then or thoses, specific strength training or range of motion training protocol treatments could be used in the treatment of IT band runners with the goal of having them return to running with less time away from the sport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Biomechanical and Anthropometrical Factors as Contributors to Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

Bauer¹,

Duke²

2011

Sport Science Review

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Examining Biomechanical and Anthropometrical Factors as Contributors to Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome This study was conducted in an attempt to determine if the biomechanical parameters thought to predict iliotibial band injury could accurately differentiate between iliotibial band (IT band) injured and healthy runners. 20 injured and 20 healthy runners were tested. Injured subjects were randomly assigned into groups of ten (INJ-1 or INJ-2). Ten healthy runners acted as controls (CON) and ten healthy (EXP) subjects trained for 1 week with a 1.27 cm felt heal pad in the shoe of their longer leg. All subjects completed a runner's questionnaire, and 13 lower extremity anatomical measurements, four clinical lower extremity assessments, and 2D kinematics from the sagittal and frontal planes during treadmill running were recorded. Comparison of kinematic values between INJ-1 vs. CON and INJ-2 vs. EXP indicated the INJ-1 group had a greater knee flexion angle than the CON group. No other direct comparisons revealed statistically significant differences between groups, nor did a discriminant function based on nine anatomical measurements or analysis of the running questionnaire responses. It was not possible to clearly distinguish between the healthy and injured runners of this study based on the biomechanical factors most commonly thought to predispose individuals to iliotibial band injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Biomechanical and Anthropometrical Factors as Contributors to Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

Bauer¹,

Duke²

2011

Sport Science Review

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“…Email: JKSinclair@uclan.ac.uk Ó 2014 Taylor & Francis loading rate of the GRF (Warburton 2001, Lieberman et al 2010. Higher levels of impact loading have been shown by previous analyses to correlate significantly with the aetiology of chronic injuries such as stress fractures (Folman et al 1986, Milner et al 2006, osteoarthritis (Collins and Whittle 1989) plantar fasciitis (Hamill et al 2008), medial tibial stress syndrome, and patellofemoral pain syndrome (Pohl et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the kinetics and kinematics during running in the heelless shoe

et al. 2014

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that runners who habitually rearfoot strike suffer higher rates of chronic injuries compared to those who adopt a mid/forefoot strike pattern. Based on this information new experimental heelless footwear was developed with the aim of mediating a mid/forefoot strike pattern. Objectives: T he aim of the current investigation was to examine the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) of running in conventional footwear in comparison to the heelless sho es. Methods: T welve male participants ran at 4.0 m.s À 1AE 5% in each footwear condition. Angular joint kinematics from the hip, knee and ankle in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes were measured using an eight -camera optoelectric motion capture system. Synchronous ground reaction forces were also obtained allowing impact load parameters and estimates of Achilles tendon force to be quantified. Differences in GRFs and 3D kinematics between footwear were assessed using paired t-tests. Results: T he kinematic analysis indicated that, in comparison to the conventional running footwear, the heelless shoes were associated with significantly greater plantarflexion at foot strike and peak ankle eversion angle. Furthermore, the GRF analysis revealed that, compared to the conventional footwear, impact parameters were significantly lower in the heelless footwear. Conclusions: Given the reduction in impact loading rates and increases in ankle eversion that were observed in heelless footwear, running in this type of footwear may reduce the incidence of chronic injuries linked to excessive impact forces. However, it may increase the injury potential that is associated with excessive ankle eversion.

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“…It is of interest to note that the changes in TFL force duration do not appear to correlate with changes in the "Impingement Zone", as defined in literature (Hamill et al 2008). This indicates that TFL force independently translate to increased LFE compression risk.…”

Section: Lfe Compression Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…ITBS is common amongst the active population, and is especially prevalent in runners, cyclists, and military personnel (Ellis, Hing, and Reid 2007). ITBS has been speculated to be a Many speculate that this injury is a result of friction from the IT band shearing across the lateral femoral epicondyle (LFE) during the extension and flexion of the knee (Farrell, Reisinger, and Tillman 2003;Ellis, Hing, and Reid 2007;Orchard 2007;Hamill et al 2008). However, the counter arguments cite distal femoral and tibial attachment of the ITB as rendering the IT band unable to rub against the lateral femoral epicondyle in a forward and backward motion.…”

Section: Iliotibial Band Pain Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Fatigue in Stationary Biking with Application to Iliotibial Band Syndrome Development

Sathyanarayan

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Cycling, or spinning (stationary biking), is a sport that has a low incidence of acute injury and is considered a safe, low impact, cardio workout. However, the repetitive behavior of cycling makes the rider especially prone to the development of long-term injury. In literature, the cause of these injuries has been theorized to have multiple contributors, such as improper riding technique, poor compensation strategies, and overall muscle fatigue. The primary aim of this thesis is to advance the current understanding of human performance and fatigue processes by combining kinematic, kinetic, and muscle activation data from an experimental stationary bike test to identify performance metric trends, analyze EMG-based regression models of performance loss, and develop subject-specific musculoskeletal models to estimate iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) risk factors, lateral femoral epicondyle (LFE) compression force and impingement duration. Highdimensional data was collected from sEMG-fitted volunteers as they were guided through a 1-hour stationary biking endurance routine. Motion capture and novel bike instrumentation were utilized to collect detailed kinematic and kinetic data with minimal influence on cycling performance. Following a warm-up period, pedaling resistance was manually incremented to maintain a selfreported high resistance level and reflect group stationary biking training. Volunteer fatigue levels were categorized by the extent of cadence reduction under constant cycling difficulty. Fatigued and non-fatigued performance groups exhibited significant differences, with the Fatigued group showing: greater peak hip adduction, greater lumbar flexion, greater torso and pelvic center-ofmass motion, and greater reductions in muscle activation amplitude. EMG signal shape parameters from the fatigue group were used to develop linear regression models of performance reduction. Correlation analysis and model fitting revealed a strong significance of distal motor control loss (foot plantar-/dorsi-flexion muscles), not power generation muscles, in triggering system-level performance change. OpenSim muscle path biofidelity was improved to match literature cadaveric muscle data, and estimation of ITBS risk factors was implemented. Model predictions indicate fatigued individuals have increased LFE compression duration, but decreased compression force due to kinematic changes. While osteokinematic and muscle activation compensation mechanisms were observed to maintain cadence among the non-fatigue group, increased LFE compression force was predicted with continued cycling. The investigation highlights the degradation of technique and elevated injury risk associated with fatigue and compensation processes, respectively. The identified performance-critical muscle parameters and fatigue-induced kinematic changes that can be used to inform overuse injury prevention in clinical rehabilitation, athletic training, and military applications.

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A prospective study of iliotibial band strain in runners

Cited by 120 publications

References 22 publications

Examining Biomechanical and Anthropometrical Factors as Contributors to Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

Examining Biomechanical and Anthropometrical Factors as Contributors to Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome

Investigation into the kinetics and kinematics during running in the heelless shoe

An Investigation of Fatigue in Stationary Biking with Application to Iliotibial Band Syndrome Development

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