A Prospective Study of Low T3 Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Thyroid abnormalities are common in chronic heart failure. Severity of heart failure rises by several fold in patients with thyroid dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this cross sectional comparative study is to determine the correlation between low T3 syndrome and chronic heart failure & predicting the severity of chronic heart failure. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross sectional study, all patients who presented to the Department of medicine with chronic heart failure during this study period of 12 months from January 2010-December 2011 in K.R.Hospital, Mysore were included. Patients were grouped into Low T3 chronic heart failure (10); hypothyroid chronic heart failure (29) and chronic heart failure (11) were included. RESULTS: Mean age of low T3 chronic heart failure patients was higher [60.50±6.15(SD) years], Higher number of hypertensives were seen in low T3 chronic heart rate patients, Cardiomyopathy was most common etiology for chronic heart failure patients (42%) and was common in the age group of 55-60 years (38%) in present study, idiopathic etiology was common in the age group of 60-65 years (63%), hypertensive heart disease as etiology was common with age group of 45-50 years (42.8%), IHD etiology was common with age group of 55-60 years (36.3%). Idiopathic etiology was common etiology with low T3 chronic heart rate patients (60%) and all patients was seen in the age group of 55-65 years. Mean pulse rate was higher in low T3 chronic heart failure group [104±6.9 (SD) beats/min]. Systolic blood pressure was high in low T3 chronic heart rate group [131±20.8 (SD) mm of Hg]; diastolic blood pressure was higher in low T3 chronic heart rate groups [84.6±12.4 (SD) mm of Hg]. S3 heart sound was present in more number of patients with low T3 chronic heart rate (60%), Systolic dysfunction on 2D Echo was more in low T3 chronic heart failure group (20%), Diastolic dysfunction on 2D Echo was more in low T3 chronic heart failure group (30%), Global hypokinesia was seen in more number of patients with low T3 chronic heart failure (30%).Segmental hypokinesia was seen in more number of patients with low T3 chronic heart failure (3%). Mean ejection fraction was seen in more number of patients with low T3 chronic heart failure [36.78±5.08 (SD) %].Mean ejection fraction was lower in low T3 chronic heart failure [34.8±3.293 (SD) %].The high pulmonary artery systolic pressure was seen in more number of patients in low T3 chronic heart failure (70%). CONCLUSION: There is significant percentage of chronic heart failure patients having low T3 alone as biochemical parameter. It is important to recognize patients with chronic heart failure as it is associated with increased severity of heart failure. KEYWORDS: chronic heart failure, low T3 syndrome, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and PR interval.

Parent related factors on lower primary performance in basic science of pupils in Ibadan north local government area, Oyo state, Nigeria

“…It agrees with the findings of (Green, 2007), that parents are often involved in their children education and other aspects of their lives. Over the years, findings have demonstrated that parent's involvement in the education of the children is beneficial to all parents, children, and schools (Gina & Ronel, 2014). According to Samuel et al (2015) in a magazine report of 2002, six types of programmes could be utilized by schools to build strong parental skills .These are: school can assist families with parenting and childrearing skills; schools can communicate with families about school programmes and students' progress and needs; work to improve families as volunteers in school activities; encourage families to be involved in learning activities at home; include parents as participants in important schools decisions, and coordinate with business and agencies to provide resources and services for families, student, and the community this will to a large extend aid student performance in science subjects.…”