A Prospective Study of Mother-To-Infant HIV Transmission in Tribal Women from India

Kumar, Rachana M.; Uduman, S.A.; A, Khurranna

doi:10.1097/00042560-199507000-00003

Cited by 19 publications

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“…The few available studies including placental pathology have concluded that there is an increased frequency chorioamnionitis in term placentas in cases of perinatal HIV transmission. [17][18][19][20]31,[38][39][40] This work is based on HIV subtype B, whereas the one study on subtype E concluded that chorioamnionitis was not a risk factor for HIV transmission in the perinatal period. 28 In our study, we found a significant correlation between HIV subtype E transmission to the fetus and the presence of chorioamnionitis, decidual cell necrosis, and plasmacellular deciduitis, as well as an increased tendency for acute deciduitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

et al. 2005

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The frequency and the cellular basis for HIV-1 transmission from mother to child in the early gestational period are poorly understood. We compared the placentas of 24 women seropositive for HIV-1 subtype E and who had not received any antiretroviral drugs, to placentas of 25 seronegative women. All placentas were obtained during therapeutic abortion at 6-23 weeks gestation. Placentas and fetal organs were examined by routine light microscopy, immunostaining for p24 capsid protein, and in situ PCR to localize which cells were infected with HIV-1 subtype E. The number of previous abortions was not a factor in placental HIV infection since this number was higher in seronegative women (Po0.01). There were no significant differences between the placentas of the two groups with respect to presence of chorioamnionitis, villitis, villous stromal fibrosis, infarction, abnormal villous maturation, deciduitis or decidual necrosis. HIV-1 subtype E was detected in up to 83% of placentas, either by immunostaining or in situ PCR, in trophoblast, villous stromal cells, Hofbauer cells, decidual and decidual glandular epithelium. Fetal organs were positive for HIV in 30% (6/20) of cases. There was a significant association between transmission of HIV to the fetus and the histologic findings of chorioamnionitis, plasmacellular deciduitis and decidual cell necrosis. This is the first report showing an association of chorioamnionitis with early in utero transmission of HIV-1 subtype E. This may help explain the cases of in utero transmission that persist despite antiretroviral prophylaxis, given that therapy is started in the late gestational period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

et al. 2005

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“…The base case MTCT rate, in absence of antiretroviral treatment (p6), is 30% [4,25]. For sensitivity analysis the lower and upper limits are 18 [10] and 48% [5], respectively.…”

Section: Probability Estimates Of Epidemiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of mother to child transmission (MTCT) in the absence of treatment is reported to be between 13 and 32% in industrialized countries, and between 25 and 48% in developing countries [4]. In India, a study of tribal women reported the risk of MTCT as 48% [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic evaluation of HIV screening in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in India

et al. 2006

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“…Some studies have suggested that migrants and other mobile individuals are bridge populations who spread HIV infection from high-to low-risk populations (Morris et al 1996;Entz et al 2000). However, there is little evidence of the prevalence of HIV (Kumar et al 1995(Kumar et al , 1997 and STIs among the Indian tribal population (Mohammad 2005). Most respondents habitually used alcohol and tobacco products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual risk behaviour, knowledge and attitude related to HIV transmission: a study among a migrant tribal group living in the slums of Bhubaneswar City, Orissa, India

2008

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Objectives The purpose was to identify the risky sexual behaviour, knowledge and attitude related to HIV transmission among migrant tribals living in the slums of a state headquarters city in India. Methods From four Santal tribe-dominated slums in Bhubaneswar City, Orissa, India, a sample of 113 respondents 15-40 years of age was recruited. Both quantitative and qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews.Results In this migrant tribal community, the majority of women are sexually active at an early age. The mean ages at first sexual intercourse among men and women are 19.5 years and 15.8 years, respectively. A considerable prevalence of pre-and extra-marital sex among married and unmarried respondents is reported, in addition to unsafe sexual practices including not using condoms. Knowledge of using condoms and of the prevention, cure and cause of HIV is very poor. A low risk perception and negative attitude towards AIDS are also reported. There are no significant differences in these parameters between respondents reporting pre-/extra-marital relations and those without such relations. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of behavioural risk associated with ignorance and more vulnerability among these migrants. It results in a potential risk not only to these community members, but also to the counterparts living in their native places for rapid spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, forming a vicious cycle. The results of the study show the need to study these groups across the country in order to design culture-specific intervention strategies.

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A Prospective Study of Mother-To-Infant HIV Transmission in Tribal Women from India

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

Chorioamnionitis is associated with placental transmission of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype E in the early gestational period

Economic evaluation of HIV screening in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in India

Sexual risk behaviour, knowledge and attitude related to HIV transmission: a study among a migrant tribal group living in the slums of Bhubaneswar City, Orissa, India

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