A Prospective Study of the Association between Physical Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer Defined by Clinical Features and TMPRSS2:ERG

Abstract

certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: None.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.In this prospective study of physical activity and prostate cancer among 49 160 men, vigorous activity was associated with lower risk of lethal and TMPRSS2:ERG-positive disease. Long-term vigorous activity may be beneficial in prevention of lethal prostate cancer and may involve pathways specific to TMPRSS2:ERG-positive disease.

Family history of prostate cancer and the incidence of ERG‐ and phosphatase and tensin homolog‐defined prostate cancer

“…Lifestyle may also play a role in the development of PCa defined by TMPRSS2:ERG . For example, lycopene consumption from tomato products has been shown to be inversely associated with ERG‐positive but not ERG‐negative disease, and two studies have shown obesity to be associated with a reduced risk of developing TMPRSS2:ERG ‐positive PCa .…”

“…Lifestyle may also play a role in the development of PCa defined by TMPRSS2:ERG. [11][12][13][14][15][16] For example, lycopene consumption from tomato products has been shown to be inversely associated with ERG-positive but not ERG-negative disease, 11 and two studies have shown obesity to be associated with a reduced risk of developing TMPRSS2:ERG-positive PCa. 12,13 Given that families often share lifestyle exposures, the association between a family history of PCa and molecular subtypes of PCa could operate through environment.…”

“…In the most common known molecular subtype (i.e., roughly half of primary PCa), the oncogene ERG fuses with androgen‐regulated promoter genes, most often TMPRSS2 . Although ERG status is unlikely prognostic by itself, several studies have shown that various risk factors are differentially associated with ERG‐defined PCa . In particular, preliminary evidence suggests that there are distinct inherited genetic factors associated with the risk of ERG‐positive versus ERG‐negative disease, lending plausibility to the hypothesis that family history could be differentially associated with the risk of ERG‐defined disease.…”

“…6 Although ERG status is unlikely prognostic by itself, 7 several studies have shown that various risk factors are differentially associated with ERG-defined PCa. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In particular, preliminary evidence suggests that there are distinct inherited genetic factors associated with the risk of ERG-positive versus ERG-negative disease, [8][9][10] lending plausibility to the hypothesis that family history could be differentially associated with the risk of ERG-defined disease.…”

Novel Strategies for Cancer Treatment: Highlights from the 55th IACR Annual Conference

“…There is sufficient evidence demonstrating the favourable effects of exercise on symptom control and quality of life (QOL) in prostate cancer, such as in countering the effects of androgen deprivation therapy [35,36,37]. Epidemiological studies have suggested that exercise may improve disease-specific and overall survival in prostate cancer [38,39]; however, this has yet to be demonstrated in a clinical population.…”