A Prospective Study of Weight Training and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men

Abstract

Background The role of weight training in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. We examined the association of weight training with risk of type 2 diabetes among U.S. men and assessed the influence of combining weight training and aerobic exercise. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study among 32,002 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study that were followed from 1990 until 2008. Weekly time spent on weight training and aerobic exercise (including brisk walking, jogging, running, bicycling, swimming, tennis, squash, calisthenics/rowing) was obtained from questionnaires at baseline and biennially during follow-up. Results During 508,332 person years of follow-up (18 years), we documented 2,278 new cases of type 2 diabetes. In multivariable adjusted models, we observed a dose-response relationship between an increasing amount of time spent on weight training or aerobic exercise and lower risk of diabetes (p for trend<0.001). Engaging in weight training or aerobic exercise of at least 150 min/week was independently associated with a lower risk of diabetes of 34% (95% CI 7 – 54%) and 52% (95% CI 45 – 58%), respectively. Men who engaged in both aerobic exercise and weight training of at least 150 min/week had the greatest reduction in type 2 diabetes risk (59%, 95% CI 39 – 73%). Conclusions Weight training was associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of aerobic exercise. The combination of weight training and aerobic exercise conferred a greater benefit.

Physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

“…Follow-up time varied from 3 [42] to 23.1 [60] years. Twelve studies were conducted in the USA [12,14,35,38,46,58,[60][61][62][63][64][65], six in Asia [47,57,59,[66][67][68], two in Australia [40,42] and eight across Europe [13,36,37,39,41,[69][70][71]. All cohorts relied on self-reported PA collected using questionnaires or by interview, apart from one study in Hawaiians [58].…”

“…In the context of type 2 diabetes, earlier studies have found that dose-response curves may be different for Asian Ding et al (2015) [42] Burchfiel et al (1995) [58] Magliano et al (2008) [40] Steinbrecher et al (I) (2012) [38] Grøntved et al (2012) [61] Demakakos et al (2010) [71] Haapanen et al (II) (1997) [36] Krishnan et al (2009) [64] Chien et al (2009) [68] Folsom et al (2000) [62] Carlsson et al (2007) [41] Ekelund et al (II) (2012) [39] Nakanishi et al ( 2004) [57] Steinbrecher et al (II) (2012) [38] Meisinger et al (II) (2005) [37] Okada et al (2000) [66] Grøntved et al (II) (2014) [35] Fretts et al (2009) [46] Lynch et al (1996) [13] Meisinger et al (I) (2005) [37] Haapanen et al (I) (1997) [36] Subtotal (I Indians who may require more PA to be protected from their relatively higher susceptibility to develop type 2 diabetes [72,73]. A potential strength of our present analyses is the expression of PA exposure dose in MMET h/week rather than just MET h/week.…”

Poor toe flexor strength, but not handgrip strength, is associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in middle-aged males

“…One longitudinal study suggested that poor muscular strength (as quantified by a combination of leg and bench presses) is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome [23]. Moreover, resistance exercise training has been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetes mellitus [5,6]. Based on these results, poor TFS is considered to be a potential risk factor for diabetes mellitus.…”

“…A reduced mass of skeletal muscle and reduced fitness are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance [2][3][4]. In addition, resistance exercise training can reduce the risk of type-2 diabetes mellitus significantly independent of aerobic exercise training [5,6]. Therefore, the strength and mass of the muscle may have a role Submitted Dec. 6, 2017; Accepted Feb. 25, 2018 as EJ17-0517 Released online in J-STAGE as advance publication Mar.…”

Longitudinal Trend of Prevalence of Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines among Korean Adults

“…However, it is not known whether these PA guidelines are met by Korean adults. In general, meeting the recommended levels of PA is known to be beneficial in improving the general health and preventing chronic diseases [5,13,14]. To increase the proportion of Korean adults meeting the PA guidelines, it is important to identify the interrelationships or determinants of participation in PA.…”