A Prospective Study on the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease with Regard to Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Homocysteine

Annerbo, Sylvia; Kivipelto, Miia; Lökk, Johan

doi:10.1159/000242439

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In our prospective study, a subsample of 200 nondemented subjects taken from the Kungsholmen project, a population-based study among people ≥75 years, and a mean follow-up time of 6.7 years, we found no association between TSH as a continuous variable (OR: 0.95, 95% CI (0.73–1.25, P = 0.75) and the development of AD after adjustment with age, gender, and education [30]. Neither did a classification in tertiles show a connection with development of AD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Clinical Review of the Association of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Cognitive Impairment

Annerbo

Lökk

2013

ISRN Endocrinology

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Clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism as well as overt hyperthyroidism in middle-aged and elderly adults are both associated with decreased cognitive functioning as memory, reaction time, and visuospatial organization. Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) or low serum concentrations of TSH concentrations have been associated with dementia in previous epidemiological studies, but the association in the elderly has not been established. There is little or no consensus regarding how thyroid function is associated with cognitive performance in the elderly. In this focused review, we have performed an examination between eleven studies from the last five years examining the association between thyroid function and cognitive performance in elderly people, a group who is overrepresented among individuals with minor abnormalities in serum TSH and thyroid hormone concentration. Six of the studies showed a consistent finding of an association between SH with cognitive impairment or dementia. In general, taking into account the largest and most powerfully designed studies, there is a strong body of evidence supporting the association between SH and cognitive impairment. The scarce number of publications on these topics indicates the need of more research especially regarding longitudinal and interventional studies thus hopefully enabling confirmation or rejection of causality between TSH abnormalities and dementia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Clinical Review of the Association of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Cognitive Impairment

Annerbo

Lökk

2013

ISRN Endocrinology

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“…The detailed information is provided in Table 1. Among the included studies, three434445 were case-control studies, and eight7891015164647 were cohort studies. Specifically, the work by Tan et al 9 was analyzed by gender and was treated as two individual studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher FT4 or TSH below the normal range are associated with increased risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of 11 studies

Pei

Wang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Observational studies of thyroid function and dementia have reported conflicting results. We reviewed cohort and case-control studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library that focused on the association between serum thyroxine, thyrotropin and dementia. A total of 24,952 participants from three case-control and eight cohort studies were included. The relationships between dementia and the per standard deviation (SD) increment of free thyroxine (FT4) (random relative ratio (RR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.17) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (fixed RR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99) were well established. TSH levels in the low category were associated with an increased risk of dementia (fixed RR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.27–2.00). However, the positive association was confined to TSH levels below the normal range (fixed RR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.31–2.39), not those in the lower tertile of the normal range (fixed RR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.98–1.97). Additionally, dementia was not significantly associated with high TSH levels (fixed RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.76–1.29). Furthermore, there was no positive association between dementia and the low or high categories of TSH in men. Thus, individuals with higher FT4 levels or those with TSH levels below the normal range have an increased risk of dementia.

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“…The full-text of the remaining 39 articles was carefully read. Three publications had apparently overlapping cases with a second study [10,11,12]. Studies with more details of interest (n = 14), which met the inclusion criteria, were included in the meta-analysis [3,4,5,6,7,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Nie

Xie

et al. 2014

Eur Neurol

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Objective: To evaluate the association between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and risk of cognitive decline. Methods: Electronic databases such as PubMed and EMBASE were searched for prospective cohort studies that involved the relationship between HHcy and risk of cognitive decline. Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by Review Manager 5.2.7. Subgroup analyses were conducted on stratification of some important variables. Results: Fourteen publications were included in the analysis. The pooled RR was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.23-1.91; p = 0.0002) for patients with HHcy compared to subjects without HHcy. Subgroup analyses indicated that the pooled RRs were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.10-2.05; p = 0.01) for more than five-year follow-up studies and 1. 56 (95% CI, 1.13-2.14; p = 0.007) for less than five-year follow-up studies. The pooled RRs were 1.66 (95% CI, 1.21-2.26; p = 0.001) for studies excluding the confounder of B vitamins and 1.34 (95% CI, 1.08-1.66; p = 0.008) for non-excluded studies. In terms of region, the pooled RR was 1.60 (95% CI, 1.21-2.13; p = 0.001) for European and American countries, while the pooled RR was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.02-1.59; p = 0.03) for other regions. Conclusion: As one of the independent risk factors, HHcy was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline.

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A Prospective Study on the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease with Regard to Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Homocysteine

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

A Clinical Review of the Association of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Cognitive Impairment

A Clinical Review of the Association of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Cognitive Impairment

Higher FT4 or TSH below the normal range are associated with increased risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of 11 studies

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

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