A protective effect of the laminated layer on Echinococcus granulosus survival dependent on upregulation of host arginase

Amri, Manel; Touil-Boukoffa, Chafia

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.027

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“… showed that mouse‐derived intact hydatid cysts can be damaged by Th1‐activated macrophages, while the LL could inhibit NO production by IFNγ‐activated macrophages in vitro and in vivo , suggesting that the LL could be involved in cyst protection through inhibition of the Th1 response (Figure d). These results have been further supported by recent work showing that LL extracts inhibit NO production and induce Arginase, a feature or alternative activation, in mouse macrophages in vitro , and significantly decrease NO production and type 1 inflammatory response in a mouse model of colitis .…”

Section: Immune Response In the Intermediate Hostsupporting

confidence: 68%

The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis

Tamarozzi

Mariconti²,

Neumayr

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex and neglected zoonotic infection. In most cases, CE cysts and the intermediate host co-habit for a long time in the absence of symptoms and elicit very little inflammation. However, the immune interplay between the parasite and the host is complex, encompassing effective parasite-killing immune mechanisms implemented by the host, which in turn are modulated by the parasite. The immune response to the parasite has been exploited for the diagnosis of the disease and for the development of an effective vaccine to use in the natural intermediate host, but the mechanisms of parasite killing and immunomodulation are still unknown. Here, we reviewed the immune effector mechanisms and the strategies of immune evasion in the intermediate host.

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Section: Immune Response In the Intermediate Hostsupporting

confidence: 68%

The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis

Tamarozzi

Mariconti²,

Neumayr

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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“…Recent work has shown that LL extracts induce elements of alternative activation in macrophages in vitro and decrease type 1‐inflammation in an in vivo model . The results are somewhat contrasting with ours, as we have not detected capacity to induce alternative activation in vitro in (particulate) LL preparations (C. Casaravilla, P.I.…”

Section: Molecules Making Up the Llcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Allen and A. Díaz, unpublished data). A probably important difference is that in the preparation of materials used in , the LL was not washed with high ionic strength solution, while in our studies it was . Thus nonintrinsic proteins, adsorbed on the calcium Ins P 6 deposits, could contribute to the activities observed.…”

Section: Molecules Making Up the Llmentioning

confidence: 77%

Parasite molecules and host responses in cystic echinococcosis

Díaz

Casaravilla

Barrios

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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Cystic echinococcosis is the infection by the larvae of cestode parasites belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species complex. Local host responses are strikingly subdued in relation to the size and persistence of these larvae, which develop within mammalian organs as 'hydatid cysts' measuring up to tens of cm in diameter. In a context in which helminth-derived immune-suppressive, as well as Th2-inducing, molecules garner much interest, knowledge on the interactions between E. granulosus molecules and the immune system lags behind. Here, we discuss what is known and what are the open questions on E. granulosus molecules and structures interacting with the innate and adaptive immune systems, potentially or in demonstrated form. We attempt a global biological approach on molecules that have been given consideration primarily as protective (Eg95) or diagnostic antigens (antigen B, antigen 5). We integrate glycobiological information, which traverses the discussions on antigen 5, the mucin-based protective laminated layer and immunologically active preparations from protoscoleces. We also highlight some less well-known molecules that appear as promising candidates to possess immune-regulatory activities. Finally, we point out gaps in the molecular-level knowledge of this infectious agent that hinder our understanding of its immunology.

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“…l-arginine is mainly converted by arginase and NOS to l-ornithine and urea, NO and l-citrulline, respectively. The defensive role of NO in the host against E. granulosus larvae was previously reported [43]. In vitro, the laminated layer was found to reduce NO production [44] and Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Arginase promotes immune evasion of Echinococcus granulosus in mice

et al. 2020

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Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a chronic disease caused by infection with the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. The parasite's ability to establish persistent infection is partly due to its evolving immune evasion strategies. One strategy may involve the protective effect of arginase, which impedes the control of pathogens or tumors, whereas it remains largely unknown during E. granulosus infection. Here, we analyzed whether arginase was produced in peritoneal cells and assessed its role in immunosuppression in mice infected with protoscoleces of E. granulosus. Methods: BALB/c mice injected with protoscoleces of E. granulosus were used to evaluate the expression of arginase (ARG) in mRNA and protein levels. The profiles of ARG-1 expression in peritoneal cells and CD3ζ expression in T cells from spleens were assessed at different time points (3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-infection) by flow cytometry. In vitro, peritoneal cells were co-cultured with purified T cells in a transwell system, and the levels of CD3ζ re-expression were compared by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the changes of l-arginine and its related metabolites in serum were tested. Results: Compared to the control group, the peritoneal cells from infected mice showed higher levels of ARG-1 mRNA and protein, unchanged ARG-2 and iNOS. Enhanced ARG-1 expression was present in SSC low

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A protective effect of the laminated layer on Echinococcus granulosus survival dependent on upregulation of host arginase

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis

The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis

Parasite molecules and host responses in cystic echinococcosis

Arginase promotes immune evasion of Echinococcus granulosus in mice

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