A proteomic analysis of serum-derived exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Background To understand the roles of serum exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we comprehensively investigated the protein profiles of serum exosomes in patients with RA. Methods Exosomes were isolated from serum samples obtained from 33 patients (12 with active RA [aRA], 11 with inactive RA [iRA], 10 with osteoarthritis [OA]) and 10 healthy donors (HLs). Proteins extracted from the exosomes were separated by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and identified by mass spectrometry. Results In total, 204 protein spots were detected by 2D-DIGE. In the aRA, iRA, and OA groups, 24, 5, and 7 spots showed approximately ≥ ±1.3-fold intensity differences compared with the HL group, respectively. We were able to identify proteins in six protein spots. Among them, the protein spot identified as Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) showed approximately 6-fold higher intensity in the aRA group than in the other groups. Conclusions Patients with active RA possessed considerably different protein profiles of serum exosomes from patients with iRA, patients with OA, and healthy donors. The unique protein profile of serum exosomes, such as the possession of abundant TLR3 fragments, may reflect the pathophysiology of active RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41927-018-0041-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Exosomes: roles and therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis

“…97 Tsuno et al extracted serum exosomal proteins from the healthy group, OA group and RA group and identified the exosomal proteins via 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry methods. 247 They found that the exosomal protein profiles from the serum of the three groups were significantly different. There were 21 spots in the exosomal protein profiles with different intensities between the OA group and the healthy group, such as cathepsin F and Igalpha-2 chain C region, indicating the potential roles of these proteins in OA.…”

“…There were 21 spots in the exosomal protein profiles with different intensities between the OA group and the healthy group, such as cathepsin F and Igalpha-2 chain C region, indicating the potential roles of these proteins in OA. 247 Moreover, exosomal proteins have been revealed to participate in the exosome-mediated regulation of the biological response in chondrocytes. CD73/ecto-5′-nucleotidase was expressed in MSC-Exos.…”

Serum Peptidomic Profile as a Novel Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…In another study [ 23 ], exosomes were isolated from serum samples obtained from 43 subjects: 12 with active RA, 11 with inactive RA, 10 with OA, and 10 healthy donors. Two hundred and four (204) protein spots were detected by 2D-DIGE; among them, the protein spot identified as Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) showed approximately 6-fold higher intensity in the active RA group than in other groups.…”

An Update on Isolation Methods for Proteomic Studies of Extracellular Vesicles in Biofluids

“…Polymer precipitation-based isolation has the benefits of commercial availability and easy processing and is now widely applied to isolate EVs from the biofluids under many disease statuses, such as colorectal cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis [67,68,69]. This type of isolation method is initially used in viral studies by forming a polymer network to decrease the solubility of all components present in the sample [70].…”