“…Therefore, the GFD map developed for transmission lines can evaluate their performance, monitor them, and design appropriate lightning protection systems. This information can help identify high-risk areas and design lightning protection systems, such as installing shield wire, reducing tower footing resistance, increasing insulation levels, and installing arresters to reduce the impact of lightning strikes (Ahmed et al, 2023;IEEE Power Engineering Society, 1997). By implementing lightning mitigation measures, routine maintenance, and inspections of transmission lines, their reliability can be significantly improved.…”