“…These service specifications are widely used in the field of geographic modeling and model-related data (i.e., the raw data related to models, including input data, output data and control parameters) sharing in the open web environment; sample applications include the 52°North project (http://52north.org/) and Quantum GIS (QGIS) (QGIS Development Team, 2012). Moreover, the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and cloud computing are widely used in the sharing and integration of geo-analysis models (Belete, Voinov, & Laniak, 2017;Belete, Voinov, & Morales, 2017;David et al, 2014;Geller & Turner, 2007;Goodall et al, 2011Goodall et al, , 2013Jin et al, 2017;Mohammad et al, 2016;Wen et al, 2013Wen et al, , 2017Yang et al, 2011).…”