A prototype ionization profile monitor for RHIC

Connolly, R.; Cameron, P.; Ryan, W. Carson; Shea, Thomas; Sikora, R.; Tsoupas, N.

doi:10.1109/pac.1997.751138

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The accuracy of emittance measurements using the RHIC IPMs has been greatly improved by the following: (1) continual design enhancements over the years [1][2][3][4][5], (2) application of channel-by-channel offset corrections and gain calibrations in the beam profile measurements and (3) use of measured beta functions at the locations of the IPMs. The removal of systematic errors in the emittance measurements was confirmed by the convergence of all four planes of measurement (horizontal and vertical planes of both the Blue and Yellow beams) to a common value during beam operations with stochastic cooling (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of the RHIC IPMs has evolved over time with continuous improvements. The first prototype was built and tested in 1996 [1] with first measurements in RHIC in 1999 [2,3]. In 2002 two changes were made motivated by experiences with beam: shielding was added upstream of the detectors to prevent signal contributions from upstream beam losses and the electrodes were made longer to avoid electron clouds from migrating into the region of the detector [4].…”

Section: Brief History Of the Rhic Ipmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absolute beam emittance measurements at RHIC using ionization profile monitors

Minty

Connolly

Liu

et al. 2014

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In this report we present studies of and measurements from the RHIC ionization profile monitors (IPMs). Improved accuracy in the emittance measurements has been achieved by (1) continual design enhancements over the years, (2) application of channel-by-channel offset corrections and gain calibrations in the beam profile measurements and (3) use of measured beta functions at the locations of the IPMs. The removal of systematic errors in the emittance measurements was confirmed by the convergence of all four planes of measurement (horizontal and vertical planes of both the Blue and Yellow beams) to a common value during beam operation with stochastic cooling. Consistency with independent measurements (luminosity-based using zero degree counters) at the colliding beam experiments STAR and PHENIX was demonstrated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief History Of the Rhic Ipmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute beam emittance measurements at RHIC using ionization profile monitors

Minty

Connolly

Liu

et al. 2014

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“…The ionization profile monitors (IPM) collect electrons that are produced as a result of beam-gas interactions (20). Two monitors will be installed in each ring, one horizontal and one vertical.…”

Section: Ionization Profile Monitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RHIC instrumentation

Shea

Witkover

1998

AIP Conference Proceedings

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The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) consists of two 3.8 km circumference rings utilizing 396 superconducting dipoles and 492 superconducting quadrupoles. Each ring will accelerate approximately 60 bunches of 10 11 protons to 250 GeV, or 10 9 fully stripped gold ions to 100 GeV/nucleon. Commissioning is scheduled for early 1999 with detectors for some of the 6 intersection regions scheduled for initial operation later in the year. The injection line instrumentation includes: 52 beam position monitor (BPM) channels, 56 beam loss monitor (BLM) channels, 5 fast integrating current transformers and 12 video beam profile monitors. The collider ring instrumentation includes: 667 BPM channels, 400 BLM channels, wall current monitors, DC current transformers, ionization profile monitors (IPMs), transverse feedback systems, and resonant Schottky monitors. The use of superconducting magnets affected the beam instrumentation design. The BPM electrodes must function in a cryogenic environment and the BLM system must prevent magnet quenches from either fast or slow losses with widely different rates. RHIC is the first superconducting accelerator to cross transition, requiring close monitoring of beam parameters at this time. High space-charge due to the fully stripped gold ions required the IPM to collect magnetically guided electrons rather than the conventional ions. Since polarized beams will also be accelerated in RHIC, additional constraints were put on the instrumentation. The orbit must be well controlled to minimize depolarizing resonance strengths. Also, the position monitors must accommodate large orbit displacements within the Siberian snakes and spin rotators. The design of the instrumentation will be presented along with results obtained during bench tests, the injection line commissioning, and the first sextant test. OVERVIEW OF RHIC Upon completion in 1999, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory will accelerate and collide protons, polarized protons, and heavy ions (1) (2). Heavy ion collisions up to Gold on Gold at 100 GeV/u beam energies will produce extended nuclear matter with energy densities an order of magnitude greater than that of the nuclear ground state. This should result in temperatures and matter densities that prevailed a few microseconds after the origin of the universe. It is also believed that these extreme conditions could produce a phase transition to a quark-gluon plasma. The Spin Physics program at RHIC will utilize polarized protons at up to 250 GeV and 70% polarization. The primary goal is to study the spin structure function of the proton. The collider consists of two rings separated horizontally by 90 cm in a tunnel 3.834 km in circumference. Collision points are provided in six insertion regions that are connected by six arcs. The total complement of magnets for both rings include 288 arc dipoles, 276 arc quadrupoles, 108 insertion dipoles, and 216 insertion quadrupoles. Additional magnets include 72 trim quadrupoles, 288 sextupoles, and 492...

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“…Beam emittances in RHIC [1] are measured with ionization profile monitors (IPMs) [2,3,4,5]. An IPM measures the transverse beam profile by collecting and measuring the distribution of electrons generated by beam ionization of residual gas in the beamline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The IPM as a Halo Measurement and Prevention Diagnostic

Connolly¹,

Grau²,

Michnoff³

et al. 2003

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Four ionization beam profile monitors (IPM's) are in RHIC to measure vertical and horizontal profiles in the two rings. Each IPM collects and measures the distribution of electrons in the beamline resulting from residual gas ionization during bunch passage. The ionized electron signal provides an accurate beam profile and the detectors are capable of measuring individual gold bunches. However the detectors are extremely sensitive and their performance has been limited by backgrounds from radiation spray, rf coupling to the beam, and secondary electrons. In 2002 two IPM's were rebuilt using design changes which greatly reduced the backgrounds. During the summer 2003 shutdown another rebuild will increase the sweep electric field, make the electric field more uniform, and add a calibration system. The improvements in the electric field will increase the sensitivity to beam without increasing backgrounds and the calibration system will allow channel-channel gain variations to be removed. These improvements should increase the detectors sensitivity to a level where the IPM can be considered as a beam halo monitor.

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A prototype ionization profile monitor for RHIC

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Absolute beam emittance measurements at RHIC using ionization profile monitors

Absolute beam emittance measurements at RHIC using ionization profile monitors

RHIC instrumentation

The IPM as a Halo Measurement and Prevention Diagnostic

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