“…Recurrent expenditure has a positive impact on economic growth by improving the investment environment and reducing time and costs for private investment procedures, which has an immediate effect in the short term [Dang et al, 2020]. Infrastructure investment has a positive short-term and long-term impact on economic growth, indicating that infrastructure projects have an immediate effect on the economy, stimulating economic components, especially private sector activity even in economically disadvantaged regions [Luat, Trung, 2019]. Additionally, in the short term, an increase in the labor force may create pressure on the economy, but in the long term, it becomes an important input for businesses to select high-skilled labor at a low cost [Canh, Phong, 2018;Luat, Trung, 2019;Tung, 2019;Dang et al, 2020;Anh et al, 2021;.…”