Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on the fact that an understanding of identity development requires the study of real-time identity. But what exactly constitutes 'real-time identity'? In this manuscript, we highlight that definitions of real time are often fuzzy, which poses a threat to this research field. We discuss two conceptual issues of research on 'real-time identity' that we believe require further clarification. The first is that 'real-time identity' is often conflated with 'micro-level identity'. The second is that 'micro-level identity' is pitted against 'macro-level identity'. We attempt to bring clarification to the above issues by drawing attention to three conceptual points: Firstly, we stress that 'real-time' simply refers to "the actual time during which something takes place". Secondly, researchers can study static characteristics of identity phenomena in real time or they can study dynamics of change and development in real time. Thirdly, we draw attention to the fact that the terms 'micro-level' and 'macro-level' represent two ends of a time-scale continuum. We describe these points in depth and summarize our clarifications as a taxonomy for authors interested in studying 'real-time identity', which promises to support theoretical and empirical integration between different approaches to identity.
KEYWORDSIdentity development; timescales; processes; ontology; epistemology Recently, there has been growing emphasis (as evidenced by this special issue) on the fact that an understanding of identity requires the study of identity processes and mechanisms. Notably, some identity researchers (stemming from both qualitative and quantitative approaches) argue that studying concrete actions and experiences is key for elucidating such processes and mechanisms. This is because they are thought to relate to a more fine-grained and ecologically valid understanding of identity Korobov, 2015). This approach -sometimes conceptualized as tapping into "real-time identity processes" -concerns the study of identity-in-context, mechanisms of development, and within-person processes of identity (Bosma & Kunnen, 2001;Lichtwarck-Aschoff et al., 2008). With its focus on experiences and actions, this is a pioneering and innovative shift in identity research , one which contrasts the more traditional research line of large-scale, group-based, and variable-oriented identity research focusing on identity in terms of selfreflection and cognition.While the empirical research on "real-time identity processes" is blooming, we believe that a deeper conceptual analysis can strengthen this field yet further. Conceptual analysis entails the examination of concepts, terms, and constructs for clarity, and incoherencies, and for unjustified claims or implausible assumptions (Hibberd, 2021;Du Preez & De Klerk, 2019). Du Preez and De Klerk (2019) argued that while psychologists often assume that conceptual analysis is an