A Psychoanalytical Approach to Diogenes Syndrome

Camps, François-David; Bigot, Jeanne Le

doi:10.1521/prev.2019.106.3.207

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Like many reported cases of Diogenes syndrome, the patients seek primarily to protect themselves from anxieties associated with the characteristics of their premorbid personality (cf. [ 32 ]). Indeed, a limitation in reporting this patient's case was the lack of full medical, familial, developmental, and psychosocial history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diogenes Syndrome: Identification and Distinction from Hoarding Disorder

Proctor¹,

Rahman²

2021

Case Reports in Psychiatry

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“Severe domestic squalor” or Diogenes syndrome is characterised by extreme self-neglect of environment, health, and hygiene, excessive hoarding, squalor, social withdrawal, and a distinct lack of concern or shame regarding one’s living condition. This report presents a case of a 51-year-old male admitted to the hospital psychiatric ward following the police removing him from his home. Police officers attended the man’s home following the alarm being raised by his stepfather that he had not been seen or heard from in 3 weeks. His home was covered in several feet of rubbish, rotting food, and debris and smelled intensely of rotting mould, urine, and faeces. He was found lying nude on top of garbage with a rug over him. Diogenes syndrome is highly comorbid with psychiatric and somatic disorders, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorder, and stress. This case report provides a rare opportunity to better understand the distinction of Diogenes syndrome from the closely related condition hoarding disorder. Furthermore, creating an agreed-upon constellation of symptoms representative of Diogenes is essential to creating a formal Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) entry, which would facilitate the much-needed development of assessment measures to enable accurate diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diogenes Syndrome: Identification and Distinction from Hoarding Disorder

Proctor¹,

Rahman²

2021

Case Reports in Psychiatry

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“…In that case, it is important to eliminate the possibility of neurological syndromes such as dementia that have been reported to be associated with hoarding symptoms in approximately 23-29% of cases (Hwang et al, 1998;Mitchell et al, 2019). Patients suffering from delirium might have complex stereotyped movements and, rarely, the mimicking of a work pattern (occupational delirium) (Burns, Gallagley & Byrne, 2004). In these situations, it is important to disregard intercurrent medical processes, and it might be necessary to perform blood and urine tests, CT or MRI brain scans, substance use studies, and/or cerebrospinal fluid analyses (in cases with fever).…”

Section: Managing Toilet Paper Hoarding: a Proposed Algorithm From The Catotim Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and realist synthesis on toilet paper hoarding: COVID or not COVID, that is the question

Labad

González-Rodríguez

Cobo

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Objective To explore whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with toilet paper hoarding and to assess which risk factors are associated with the risk of toilet paper hoarding. Design A systematic review and realist review were conducted. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched (systematic review). PubMed, pre-prints and grey literature were also searched (realist review). The databases were searched from inception until October 2020. Study selection There were no restrictions on the study design. Outcomes and measures For the systematic review, toilet paper hoarding was the main outcome, and pathological use of toilet paper was the secondary outcome. For the realist review, the context-mechanisms-outcome (CMO) scheme included the COVID-19 pandemic (context), four proposed mechanisms, and one outcome (toilet paper hoarding). The four potential mechanisms were (1) gastrointestinal mechanisms of COVID-19 (e.g. diarrhoea), (2) social cognitive biases, (3) stress-related factors (mental illnesses, personality traits) and (4) cultural aspects (e.g. differences between countries). Eligibility criteria for selecting studies All studies of human populations were considered (including general population studies and clinical studies of patients suffering from mental health problems). Results The systematic review identified 14 studies (eight studies for the main outcome, six studies for the secondary outcome). Three surveys identified the role of the COVID-19 threat in toilet paper hoarding in the general population. One study pointed to an association between a personality trait (conscientiousness) and toilet paper buying and stockpiling as well as an additional significant indirect effect of emotionality through the perceived threat of COVID-19 on toilet paper buying and stockpiling. Six case reports of pathological use of toilet paper were also identified, although none of them were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The realist review suggested that of all the mechanisms, social cognitive biases and a bandwagon effect were potential contributors to toilet paper hoarding in the general population. The stressful situation (COVID-19 pandemic) and some personality traits (conscientiousness) were found to be associated with toilet paper hoarding. Cultural differences were also identified, with relatively substantial effects of toilet paper hoarding in several Asian regions (Australia, Japan, Taiwan and Singapore). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a worldwide increase in toilet paper hoarding. Social media and social cognitive biases are major contributors and might explain some differences in toilet paper hoarding between countries. Other mental health-related factors, such as the stressful situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, fear of contagion, or particular personality traits (conscientiousness), are likely to be involved. Registration PROSPERO CRD42020182308

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Clarifying the position of hikikomori in mental health: Is hikikomori a variant of already-known mental health disorders? A review of the literature

Amendola

2024

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

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Hikikomori was included in the chapter “Culture and Psychiatric Diagnosis” of the DSM-5-TR Section III as an example of cultural concepts of distress. However, attempts over time to better define hikikomori emphasized different specific characteristics/criteria. The present study aimed to provide an overview of different criteria and definitions of hikikomori, and to examine whether hikikomori resembles social anxiety/phobia (and avoidant personality), depression, and adjustment and stress disorders. This narrative review followed available recommendations on reporting standards. A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science, and Scopus on May 31, 2023. Hikikomori definitions and criteria diverge in their focus on specific criteria such as not working/attending school, avoidance/refusal of and disinterest/unwillingness to participate in social situations and relationships. Hikikomori resembles a (severe) variant of social anxiety disorder, a form of adjustment disorder, or a variant of depressive disorder, depending on the criteria in use. Empirical evidence on the clinical validity of some hikikomori definitions is scarce. If hikikomori criteria do not include indicators of dysfunction, the condition under study may reflect severe/extreme social isolation rather than a different diagnostic category. Updated hikikomori research criteria were proposed to foster future studies addressing diagnostic validity and clinical comorbidity. Alternatively, a “with (social) withdrawal” specifier in the definition of social anxiety, depressive, and adjustment and stress disorders should be considered. Finally, the inclusion of hikikomori in the DSM-5-TR was discussed.

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A Psychoanalytical Approach to Diogenes Syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Diogenes Syndrome: Identification and Distinction from Hoarding Disorder

Diogenes Syndrome: Identification and Distinction from Hoarding Disorder

A systematic review and realist synthesis on toilet paper hoarding: COVID or not COVID, that is the question

Clarifying the position of hikikomori in mental health: Is hikikomori a variant of already-known mental health disorders? A review of the literature

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