A Psychometric Investigation of the Standard and Short Form Beck Depression Inventory

Gould, Jonathan W.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1982.51.3f.1167

Cited by 97 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The short-form BDI consists of 13 self-report items concerning affective, cognitive, and somatic symptoms of depression. The scale has adequate internal consistency, high correlations with other measures of depression, and high correlations with risk variables for depression (Gould, 1982;Knight, 1984;Scogin, Beutler, Corbishley, & Hamblin, 1988). In this sample, α was .85, and the mean score was 3.83 (SD = 4.08).…”

Section: Current Depression Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults

2006

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During euthymia people with bipolar disorder and their unaffected family members accomplish more than the general population. People with bipolar disorder, or those who are at risk for it, also set higher goals in laboratory tasks than other people. The work reported here examines whether persons vulnerable to mania set elevated goals in their lives. In two studies, a measure of lifetime vulnerability to mania was related to traits bearing on incentive sensitivity, and also to endorsement of high ambitions for fame, wealth, and political influence (assessed by a new measure). Relations were weaker to ambitions for other kinds of extreme goals. The effects were independent of current symptoms of mania and depression and lifetime depression. There was also evidence that incentive sensitivity and elevated aspirations made independent contributions to variance in the measure of manic risk. Discussion focuses on the implications of high goal setting for understanding goal dysregulation and mania. KeywordsAmbition; Mania; Cognition; High risk Bipolar I disorder, defined by the occurrence of a single lifetime episode of mania, is one of the most severe of psychiatric illnesses. It accounts for nearly half the inpatient mental health care costs in the United States (Kent, Fogartee, & Yellowless, 1995). The rate of suicide in bipolar I disorder is 12-15 times that of the general population (Angst, Stausen, Clayton, & Angst, 2002). Given these human costs, a better understanding of the dynamics of this disorder is clearly needed.There is no question that mania is deeply rooted in biology. Heritability estimates for an initial manic episode fall between 80 and 85% (McGuffin et al., 2003;Vehmanen, Kaprio, & Loennqvist, 1995). On the other hand, biological variables do not account well for variations in the course of the disorder (cf. Keller et al., 1992). This has led to interest in psychosocial variables that may help predict manic symptoms (for a review see .In this article we consider one class of psychological variable that seems relevant to mania: ambitious goal-setting. Several sorts of evidence lead us to examine this variable. For one, bipolar disorder has been linked for many years to above-average attainment. In 1913, Stern noted that patients with affective psychosis (or their fathers) were more likely to be professionals than were patients with schizophrenia (or their fathers). In nine epidemiological © Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. 2006 Correspondence to: Sheri L. Johnson, Sjohnson@miami.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptCognit Ther Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 1. This pattern, which is in sharp contrast to that seen with most psychiatric disorders (cf. Weissman & Myers, 1978), is surprising, because many factors work against achievement in people with mania. People with mania tend to remain unemployed for long periods after episodes (Harrow, Goldberg, Grossman, & Meltzer, 1990). Early onset of the illness may interfere with on-schedule completion of college (Lewi...

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Section: Current Depression Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults

2006

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“…Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF; Beck and Beck 1972) This is a shortened version of the BDI with 13 questions and has been shown to have satisfactory reliability in a college sample (a = .78) (Gould 1982). This assessment was used to screen individuals for depression symptom severity.…”

Section: Bdi-iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Allocation and Incidental Recognition of Emotional Information in Dysphoria

2010

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Cognitive models of depression posit that biased emotional processing contributes to the maintenance of depression. Specifically, depression has been associated with biased attention and memory for emotional information; however, few studies have examined relations between these processes. In the current study, stably dysphoric (n = 23) and non-dysphoric (n = 40) participants' line of visual gaze was assessed while viewing a 2 9 2 array of emotionally valenced words. Incidental recognition of study stimuli was then assessed. Non-dysphoric individuals demonstrated an attentional bias for positive words, while dysphoric individuals lacked this bias. Further, fixation duration and time spent viewing positive stimuli mediated the association between dysphoria status and incidental recognition of positive words. Results suggest that a ''protective bias'' to focus on positive stimuli, typically observed among non-dysphoric individuals, is absent in dysphoria.

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“…Lower scores indicate less depression. Considerable evidence is available on the reliability and validity of this commonly used measure [27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief primary care intervention to reduce fear of movement in chronic low back pain patients

Guck

Burke

Rainville

et al. 2014

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Fear avoidance model of chronic pain-based interventions are effective, but have not been successfully implemented into primary care. It was hypothesized that speed walking times and key measures of the fear avoidance model would improve following the brief intervention delivered in primary care. A brief primary care-based intervention (PCB) that included a single educational session, speed walking (an in vivo desensitization exposure task), and visual performance feedback was designed to reduce fear avoidance beliefs and improve function in 4 patients with chronic low back pain. A multiple baseline across subjects with a changing criterion design indicated that speed walking times improved from baseline only after the PCB intervention was delivered. Six fear avoidance model outcome measures improved from baseline to end of study and five of six outcome measures improved from end of study to follow-up. This study provides evidence for the efficacy of a brief PCB fear avoidance intervention that was successfully implemented into a busy clinic for the treatment of chronic pain.

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A Psychometric Investigation of the Standard and Short Form Beck Depression Inventory

Cited by 97 publications

References 9 publications

Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults

Extreme Goal Setting and Vulnerability to Mania Among Undiagnosed Young Adults

Attention Allocation and Incidental Recognition of Emotional Information in Dysphoria

A brief primary care intervention to reduce fear of movement in chronic low back pain patients

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