A Psychosomatic Approach to the Climacteric

Ross, Mathew

doi:10.1097/00006254-195204000-00026

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, exercise, yoga, and relaxation can improve sleep and reduce stress. Acupuncture causes a notable placebo effect and produces variable results [65,[92][93][94].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments and Management of Menopausal Symptoms: Current Status and Future Challenges

Comparetto,

Borruto

2023

OBM Geriatr

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In the United States (US), menopause occurs at an average age of 52. Menopausal symptoms tend to be maximal during the few years before and the year after menopause (during perimenopause), except for symptomatic vulvovaginal atrophy, which may worsen over time. Up to 20% of bone density loss occurs during the first 5 years after menopause, followed by an age-related bone loss rate similar to that in men. Menopause should be considered confirmed if an age-appropriate woman who is not pregnant has not had a menstrual period for 12 months. Regarding treatment, for vaginal dryness or dyspareunia due to menopause, vaginal stimulation and vaginal lubricants and moisturizers are recommended, and if these are ineffective, low-dose vaginal estrogen, in the form of creams, tablets, suppositories, or rings should be considered; other options include oral ospemifene or intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (DEHA) suppositories. Before prescribing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and periodically while therapy continues, women should be informed of risks (e.g., deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], stroke, breast cancer, gallbladder disease, and urinary incontinence); potential harms are greatest for women who start HRT after 60 years of age or who are 10-20 years past menopause onset. If women choose HRT to relieve hot flushes, estrogen plus, a progestin or conjugated estrogen/bazedoxifene could be prescribed for women who still have the uterus. Treatment with HRT should be tailored to maximize benefits and minimize harms, and periodically benefits and harms should be reassessed; low-dose transdermal HRT may lead to a lower risk of DVT and stroke. Selective serotonin reuptakereuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective serotonin-nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and gabapentin could be considered as less effective alternatives to HRT for relieving hot flushes; paroxetine 7.5 milligrams (mg) is the only non-hormonal drug approved in the US for the relief of hot flushes. Effective non-drug options include cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnosis.

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“…However, exercise, yoga, and relaxation can improve sleep and reduce stress. Acupuncture causes a notable placebo effect and produces variable results [65,[92][93][94].…”

Section: Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments and Management of Menopausal Symptoms: Current Status and Future Challenges

Comparetto,

Borruto

2023

OBM Geriatr

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“…The biomedical view holds that the symptoms exhibited during climacteric are attributed to changes in hormone levels. However, as early as 1951, Ross (1951) had already observed that the psychosocial aspects of women experience during climacteric are influenced by the integrated action of multiple factors such as changes in family structures, professional status and interpersonal relationships in addition to hormone fluctuations. Recently, data from a growing number of cross-cultural studies (Bell, 2013;Siever, 2014) suggests that these symptoms are closely related to the meaning of menopause and vary among different cultures, perhaps because of different perspectives on aging and female status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Climacteric Symptoms, Health-Seeking Behavior, and Attitudes towards Menopause Among Mosuo Women and Han Chinese Women in Yunnan, China

Zhang

Zhao

Leonhart

et al. 2018

Transcult Psychiatry

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Cultural *YZ and XZ contributed equally. background has been shown to influence climacteric symptoms of women. This study compares various characteristics of climacteric symptoms, illness conception, health-seeking behavior, and attitude towards menopause of Mosuo women, a Chinese ethnic minority with a matriarchal structure, and Han Chinese women, the majority ethnic group of China with a patriarchal structure. Through convenience sampling, 51 Mosuo and 47 Han women ages 40 to 60 completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the modified Kupperman Menopause Index (KMI), the Self-Rating Scale of Illness Conception and Health Seeking Behavior (SSICHSB) and the Menopause Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ). The Mosuo and Han Chinese women are comparable with regard to their age, educational levels and menstrual status. During climacteric, Mosuo women showed less severe melancholia ( p = .009), reported less health-seeking behavior ( p = .009), and displayed more positive attitudes towards menopause than their Han Chinese counterparts ( p < .001). One predictive variable of the melancholia severity in Mosuo was “menarche age”, while that in the Han group was “social view on the menopause”. Future research with a larger sample is needed to deepen our understanding about the interaction between culture and climacteric symptoms.

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A Psychosomatic Approach to the Climacteric

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Treatments and Management of Menopausal Symptoms: Current Status and Future Challenges

Treatments and Management of Menopausal Symptoms: Current Status and Future Challenges

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Climacteric Symptoms, Health-Seeking Behavior, and Attitudes towards Menopause Among Mosuo Women and Han Chinese Women in Yunnan, China

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