Salinisphaera japonica sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from the surface of a deep-sea fish, Malacocottus gibber, and emended description of the genus Salinisphaera A moderately halophilic, slightly acidophilic, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YTM-1 T , was isolated from the body surface of Malacocottus gibber. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, short rods or cocci, approximately 0.9-1.1 mm long and 1.0-1.8 mm wide. Strain YTM-1 T was able to grow with 1-30 % NaCl (optimum, 7.5-10 %, w/v), at 4-30 6C (optimum, 20-25 6C) and at pH 3.8-9.5 (optimum, pH 5.0-5.5). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain YTM-1 T belonged to the genus Salinisphaera with low similarity values to the type strains of recognized species of this genus (,94.8-94.4 %). The polar lipids of strain YTM-1 T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, three unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were C 19 : 0 v8c cyclo, C 18 : 1 v7c, C 16 : 1 v5c and C 16 : 0 . The DNA G+C content of strain YTM-1 T was 67.3 mol%.These phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data indicated that strain YTM-1 T represents a novel species of the genus Salinisphaera, for which the name Salinisphaera japonica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YTM-1 T (5JCM 18087 T 5CECT 8012 T). An emended description of the genus Salinisphaera is also proposed.The genus Salinisphaera in the class Gammaproteobacteria was proposed by Antunes et al. (2003). At the time of writing, five species belonging to the genus Salinisphaera have been described: Salinisphaera shabanensis E1L3A T from brine of a salt well in Yunnan, China (Zhang et al., 2012).This study describes a slightly acidophilic, moderately halophilic bacterium, strain YTM-1 T , which was isolated from the body surface of a deep-sea fish, Malacocottus gibber (Fig. S1, available in IJSEM Online) captured at Nyuzen, Toyama Bay, Japan, at a depth of 400-800 m, in February 2009 (Tsuruwaka andShimada, 2011). Malacocottus gibber is a member of the family Psychrolutidae (superfamily Cottoidea) that is endemic to the Japan Sea (Shinohara et al., 1992;Nelson, 2006). In a previous study, we successfully reared and spawned Malacocottus gibber in our laboratory (Tsuruwaka and Shimada, 2011).Abbreviations: ML, maximum-likelihood; NJ, neighbour-joining.