A Pulsed UWB Receiver SoC for Insect Motion Control

Abstract

Abstract-A 2.5 mW wireless flight control system for cyborg moths is presented, consisting of a 3-to-5 GHz non-coherent pulsed ultra-wideband receiver system-on-chip with an integrated 4-channel pulse-width modulation stimulator mounted on a 1.5 cm by 2.6 cm printed circuit board. The highly duty cycled, energy detection receiver requires 0.5-to-1.4 nJ/bit and achieves a sensitivity of 76 dBm at a data rate of 16 Mb/s (10 BER). A multi-stage inverter-based RF front end with resonant load and differential signal chain allow for robust, low energy operation. Digital calibration is used in the baseband amplifier, ADC and DLL to cancel voltage and timing offsets. Through the use of a flexible PCB and 3-D die stacking, the total weight of the electronics is kept to 1 g, within the carrying capacity of an adult Manduca sexta moth. Preliminary wireless flight control of a moth in a wind tunnel is demonstrated.

A hybrid reader tranceiver design for industrial internet of things

“…Passive squarer may be a low power solution since no dc bias current is consumed in the circuit [21] . However, the passive squarer cannot provide high conversion gain for further signal integration.…”

Untethered Insect Interfaces

“…All of these conditions invariably lead to mechanical drift of the implanted electrodes over the lifetime of the insects. Successful, robust stimulation schemes in free flight have thus focused on combinations of the following three motifs: (i) the direct stimulation of a large, easily accessible muscle in the insect [2,28,31,36,37]; (ii) the direct stimulation of a relatively large ensemble of neurons in a ganglion [2,31]; and (iii) the targeted stimulation of nerves in a nerve cord [29,[38][39][40].…”

“…Bozkurt et al [28] developed a custom-built, two-channel AM receiver that used pulse-position modulation via a super-regenerative architecture, which was fed into a PIC12F615 microcontroller (see also Figure 2 in [1]). Daly et al [29,30] developed a custom silicon system-on-chip receiver operating at 3-5 GHz on the 802.15.4a wireless standard that interfaced with an onboard Texas Instruments MP430 microcontroller; the receiver was remarkable for its extremely low-power operation (2.5 mW, 1.4 nJ bit −1 ) for a data rate of 16 Mb s −1 (see also Figure 3 in [1]). Driven primarily by technological developments in ultra-low-power-distributed sensor networks, low-power microcontrollers equipped with internal radios are now highly accessible.…”

CMOS energy detector based on complementary squarer circuit for non-coherent UWB receiver

“…Several works have been published with regard to the squarer. Previous squarers based on a passive self-mixer do not consume power but require an additional amplifier to obtain a conversion gain [2]. A squarer based on a pseudo-differential circuit consumes additional power to remove the dc offset of the output [3,4,5].…”