A QCM study of strong carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions of glycopolymers carrying mannosides on substrates

Abstract

Carbohydrate on the cell surfaces are known to interact not only with lectins but also other carbohydrates; the latter process is known as a carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction. Such interactions are observed...

Tuning the Chiral Structures from Self‐Assembled Carbohydrate Derivatives

“…Scientists have devoted decades to research, identifying intermolecular non-covalent interactions with the quartz crystal microbalance system, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Circular dichroism (CD), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and series molecular packing computational Small 2023, 19, 2208286 methods. [19,[29][30][31] Diverse interactions are found to play pivotal roles, which include intra/intermolecular hydrogenbonding (5-100 kJ mol −1 ), van der Waals forces (0-5 kJ mol −1 ), π-π stacking (0-50 kJ mol −1 ), electrostatic interaction (50-300 kJ mol −1 ), hydrophobic interaction (0-1 kJ mol −1 ), and metal chelation (0-20 kJ mol −1 ). [32][33][34] Intermolecular interactions may act in a synergic manner to provide the key driving forces for complex formation.…”

“…Figure 2c shows a selfassembly of mannose clusters comprising glycopolymers in an aqueous solution, which suggested CCIs in glycopolymers. [29] In addition, it can also form favorable interactions between surface glycans and surrounding water, while conditions that maximized water entropy at the expense of solute entropy promoted supramolecular structure association into anisotropic networks. [47] Carbohydrate-aromatic (CH-π) interactions could generate novel geometries as well.…”

“…c) Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions in glycopolymers. Reproduced with permission [29]. Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Glycopolymers for Drug Delivery: Opportunities and Challenges

“…Ca 2+ ions, which are present in some cell growth media, can form metal complexes with carbohydrates, which leads to glycopolymer aggregation. , It is therefore conceivable that changes in size that have been observed in light scattering over time is the result of nanoparticle aggregation caused by hydrogen bonding. These strong interactions between two carbohydrates may be weaker than that of glycopolymers and lectins, but they are still measurable with a quartz crystal microbalance, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) . In one reported experiment, glycopolymers made from galactose, mannose, and glucose were immobilized on a QCM gold electrode.…”

“…The surface brush was then exposed to various linear polymers, and it was observed that the mannose brush interacts strongly with soluble mannose-based glycopolymer, but less with other glycopolymers. Such a result suggests stronger glycopolymer–glycopolymer interactions for glycopolymers containing the same types of sugars . Carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions can be observed in nature, and it is proposed that the affinity between cell surface bound polysaccharides is the initial step when two cells start communicating. , Self-adhesive interactions seemed to be prominent in mannose, as mannose patches might help pathogens to latch onto host cells .…”