A QoS-aware Routing Protocol for Reliability Sensitive Data in Hospital Body Area Networks

Khan, Zahoor Ali; Sivakumar, S.; Phillips, William J.; Robertson, Bill

doi:10.1016/j.procs.2013.06.027

Cited by 65 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The comparative analysis has shown that energy-aware peering routing protocol (EPR) [45], QoS-aware peering routing protocol for delay sensitive data (QPRD) [41] and QoS aware peering routing protocol for reliability sensitive data (QPRR) [38] have less power consumption when compared to other protocols. Some protocols do not consider energy consumption, while others.…”

Section: Qos Aware Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A guide for the selection of routing protocols in WBAN for healthcare applications

Bhanumathi

Sangeetha

2017

Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci.

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In the present scenario, the term wireless body area network (WBAN) is becoming an integral part of human day to day life due its wide variety of applications, especially in the field of healthcare systems. To design such a reliable body area network system, there are a number of factors to be considered both in hardware and software levels. One of such factors still developing is the design and the analysis of routing protocols in the network layer. Routing protocols are a set of protocols which can identify and maintain the routes in the network so that the data can be exchanged between the nodes efficiently. Hence, routing protocol plays a vital role in the wireless sensor networks for reliable communication between the sensor nodes. In this paper, different routing protocols for body area networks are surveyed and observed that they are affected by factors like energy, network topology, various quality of services (QoS) in the nodes, node temperature, transmission range of nodes, human posture, etc. An evocative taxonomy of protocols is presented such as cluster-based, cross-layered, postural movement based, QoS aware and temperature-aware routing protocols. From the survey, it is found that the selection of a routing protocol is application dependent. For example, the energy efficient protocols like reinforcement learning based routing with QoS support or wireless autonomous spanning tree protocol can be used for daily health monitoring systems due to its high packet delivery ratio. If the system is for in vivo networks, routing algorithm for network of homogeneous and Id-less biomedical sensor nodes or mobility-supporting adaptive threshold-based Thermal-aware energy-efficient multi-hop protocols are the suitable ones. For critical and emergency cases, where accuracy with little delay is the major concern, the protocols like critical data routing, reliability aware routing, data-centric multi objective QoS-aware routing protocol, etc. can be rightly chosen. This entire survey paper can be used by the researchers as a reference for studying various WBAN routing protocols, especially in the field of medical health care systems.

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Section: Qos Aware Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A guide for the selection of routing protocols in WBAN for healthcare applications

Bhanumathi

Sangeetha

2017

Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci.

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“…As shown in Fig. 8, redrawn from [30], the routing architecture of the QPRD is divided into seven modules: MAC receiver, delay module, packet classifier, hello protocol module, routing service module, QoS-aware queuing module, and MAC transmitter. The data packets from the other nodes are received by the MAC receiver module, while their classification as hello packets and data packets is done at the packet classifier module.…”

Section: B New Qos and Geographic Routing (Localmor)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey of QoS-Aware Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks

M¹,

Raj²

2017

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Comm

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Recent developments in wireless communications, MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and integrated circuits have enabled low-power, intelligent, miniaturized, invasive/non-invasive micro sensor nodes strategically placed in or around the human body which forms Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANS) to be used in various applications including remote health monitoring. Due to inherent issues and specific challenges, routing protocols designed for Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are not applicable to WBANs. QoS-Aware Routing protocols mainly provide a modular approach by presenting separate modules for different QoS metrics that operate in coordination with each other. These approaches aim at providing higher reliability, lower end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratio. In this paper various issues and challenges in pursuit of effective QoS-Aware routing are identified and detailed literature survey of the various existing QoS-aware routing protocols, their strengths and weaknesses are discussed.

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“…the average link reliability of link L i,j between the transmitting node n i and the receiving node n j , given in equation (6). The value of the weighting factor β ranges between 0 and 1 and we choose β = 0.4 in our simulation, same as in [13], [15], [16].…”

Section: Reliability Estimatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This localized hop-by-hop approach does not ensure the successful delivery of the data packets. QPRD [14] and QPRR [15] are two other QoS aware routing schemes designed to displany the patient's vital information. QPRD classifies the generated traffic into DSD and ND while QPRR divides it into RSD and ND.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Data Routing (CDR) for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Networks

et al. 2015

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The life critical and real time medical application of Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) requires the assurance of the demanded Quality of Service (QoS) IntroductionIn WBSN -used for contineouse and remote healthcare monitoring [1], the tiny, lightweight, cost effective and low-power Bio-Medical Sensor Devices (BMSDs) are deployed on and/or inside the human body to sense and analyze the vital sign data of the human body. It It has a three-tiered architecture in order to send the sensory data to the final destination [2],[3]. In the first tier i.e. Intra-WBSN, the tiny BMSDs send the vital sign data to on-body base station called as Body Coordinator (BC). In the second tier i.e. Inter WBSN, the BCs are responsible to forward the received vital-sign data towards the sink(s) using other BCs and/or regular infrastructure like wireless local area network. Finally, in the third tier, it's the responsibility of the sink(s) to send the received vital-sign data to the final destination which could be a physician, health-care sever and/or emergency control room, using regular infrastructure such as internet.As WBSN deals with the human body and due to structure, nature and behavior of the human body, it faces some unique challenges along with the traditional constraints of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A range of BMSDs, like blood pressure, Electroencephalography (EEG), temperature, Electrocardiography (ECG) and many more, are deployed for different applications, which make WBSN heterogeneous in nature. Due to its heterogeneous nature it generates different categories of data, where different QoS parameters are among the key requirements. Similarly, due to saline-water nature, the human tissues absorb the electromagnetic waves carrying the information in wireless communications. This electromagnetic waves absorption along with the energy consumption during the operations of the BMSDs result in temperature rise of the BMSDs. In case of the implanted BMSDs, this temperature rise might affect and/or damage the human tissues if remain for long time [4], [5]. In addition to these, the postural movement of the human body along with the electromagnetic waves absorption results in dynamic and high path loss while exchanging information with other implanted BMSDs and/or BC. Due to this high and dynamic path loss the conventional path loss models of wireless communication are not applicable for intra WBSNs.Different people have tried to address these challenges of WBSNs and proposed various routing protocols. . The high and dynamic path loss issue of intra WBSN due to postural movement of human body has been addressed in [6]-[9]. In [6] Quwaider and Biswas have proposed a routing scheme by partitioning the sensor field into different partitions and uses store and flood mechanism to route the sensory data towards BCl While in [7] the same authors

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A QoS-aware Routing Protocol for Reliability Sensitive Data in Hospital Body Area Networks

Cited by 65 publications

References 9 publications

A guide for the selection of routing protocols in WBAN for healthcare applications

A guide for the selection of routing protocols in WBAN for healthcare applications

A Comprehensive Survey of QoS-Aware Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks

Critical Data Routing (CDR) for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Networks

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