A Qualitative Analysis of the Employment Needs and Barriers of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Rural Areas

Abstract

In this article we present the results of a needs assessment evaluating the employment-based needs of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), from the perspectives of self-advocates, their families and care givers, and IDD service providers in a primarily rural state. Participants were recruited through statewide distribution of a questionnaire about key issues and barriers to employment. A total of 467 adults participated. Employment was identified as a top concern across the groups. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the qualitative comments provided by respondents about their employment needs. The results were generally consistent with prior research among Americans with IDD, in that employer expectations, transportation barriers, disability benefits, limited opportunities to develop employment skills, and broader economic factors influencing the community were identified as key issues. However, the results demonstrate the magnified impact of these barriers in rural areas, particularly rural areas facing economic challenges. The results of this needs assessment are discussed in terms of the broad national implications, and in terms of the local process of engaging multiple stakeholder groups to identify potential solutions.

Supporting Positive Post-School Outcomes for Students With Disabilities in Rural Locations

“…The limited number of available jobs can be a significant challenge to anyone living in a rural setting and experiencing disability may further reduce opportunities for job-seekers (Adams et al, 2019). To seek employment in a more populated area, individuals living in rural settings may travel to work.…”

“…However, due to limited options for public transportation in rural communities, individuals with disabilities who may rely on others to get to and from work may be further marginalized (McDaniels et al, 2018). Job-seekers with disabilities in rural areas may have more limited access to job training and employment supports, such as vocational rehabilitation (VR) services (Adams et al, 2019). Support for employers considering hiring an individual with a disability (e.g., understanding of reasonable accommodations, disability awareness) may also be limited in rural communities (Adams et al, 2019).…”

“…Job-seekers with disabilities in rural areas may have more limited access to job training and employment supports, such as vocational rehabilitation (VR) services (Adams et al, 2019). Support for employers considering hiring an individual with a disability (e.g., understanding of reasonable accommodations, disability awareness) may also be limited in rural communities (Adams et al, 2019). Family and employer concerns related to health and safety may also present barriers to employment for individuals with disabilities (Kucharczyk et al, 2021).…”

WSU ROAR and ROAR Online! Program Description and COVID-19 Response

“…As many people with disabilities do not drive, the lack of transportation limits community engagement, participation, and employment (McDaniels et al, 2018). Other common barriers include (a) fewer PSE and training opportunities due to distance; (b) limited employment opportunities and exposure to different types of careers; (c) fewer resources, highly qualified personnel, and community services; and (d) cultural barriers, including low expectations and poverty (Adams et al, 2019; Test & Fowler, 2018).…”