A Qualitative Evidence of the Breeding Sites of <i>Anopheles arabiensis</i> Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) in and Around Kassala Town, Eastern Sudan

Hamza, Asma Mahmoud; Rayah, El Amin El

doi:10.4137/ijis.s40071

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the other hand, this finding seems to contradict previous reports by [16,28] [16,22] and rock pools [26] as compared to muddy rain pool puddles and hoof prints [23]. This suggests that the mosquito vector flexibly breeds in turbid and clear water pools in the study setting and elsewhere based on breeding season and larval habitat substrate types.…”

Section: Environmental Factors Associated With Larval Abundancecontrasting

confidence: 85%

Larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae senso lato (Diptera-Culicidae) in Anger Gute resettlement villages, western Ethiopia

Kenea¹,

Dufera²

2020

Preprint

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Background: Anger Gute is one of the national malaria surveillance Sentinel Sites in Ethiopia targeted to generate malaria data for the disease control, elimination and eradication. The objective of this work was to obtain information about the habitat characterization of An. gambiae s.l. larvae in western Ethiopian lowlands particularly in Anger Gute resettlement villages. Methods: A longitudinal mosquito larval habitat survey was undertaken every month from January to December 2018. The study covered three rural farming villages namely Tulu Lencha, Warabo and Dalasa Makanisa. All anopheline positive larval habitats present within a 500 m radius of each village and 700 m along the major streams which were located adjacent to the villages were sampled year round to study the mosquito larval density and the habitat characteristics. Larval collections were done from various aquatic habitats in all the villages using the standard dipping method. All III and IV instar anopheline larvae collected were preserved in 70% alcohol. In Wollega University Entomology laboratory, each larva was individually mounted on a microscope slide and identified to An. gambiae s.l. by morphological criteria using identification keys for the Ethiopian mosquitoes. Characteristics of the larval habitats were determined using mean comparison of the mosquito larval density using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mosquito larvae were found in many diverse habitats and were collected most abundantly from rain pool puddles (35.0%) followed by river edge pools (23.5%). During wet season, most of (83.3%) the larval habitats were accessed along roads. Whereas during dry season the habitats were most accessible along streams in the study localities. Significantly higher mean densities of the mosquito larvae were obtained from aquatic habitats that had turbid standing water and in habitats near to human dwellings (<500 m). Conclusions: The malaria mosquito An gambiae s.l. breeds most abundantly in rain pool puddles along footways and roads closer to human habitation during wet season and in stream edges along local streams in dry season in Anger Gute Resettlement villages. These findings suggest that targeting malaria mosquito larval intervention along footways and roads in wet season and on stream edges along local streams in the dry season could result in effective larval control of the malaria vector in the study setting.

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Section: Environmental Factors Associated With Larval Abundancecontrasting

confidence: 85%

Larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae senso lato (Diptera-Culicidae) in Anger Gute resettlement villages, western Ethiopia

Kenea¹,

Dufera²

2020

Preprint

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“…More mosquitoes were trapped during the period between December and February, and May and July, which coincides with Sabah’s two main rainy seasons. The rain would provide more breeding grounds in the form of temporary rain pools, road puddles, puddles in rocks, animal hoof prints in the forests, plantations and at human settlements 32,33 . It has been shown in Côte d’Ivoire that monthly malaria incidence was positively associated with the quantity of rain one and two months before 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector compositions change across forested to deforested ecotones in emerging areas of zoonotic malaria transmission in Malaysia

Hawkes

Manin

Cooper

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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In lowland areas of Malaysia, Plasmodium knowlesi infection is associated with land use change and high proportions of the vector Anopheles balabacensis. We conducted a 15-month study in two Malaysian villages to determine the effect of habitat on vector populations in understudied high-altitude, high-incidence districts. Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled in human settlements, plantations and forest edges, and screened for Plasmodium species by PCR. We report the first An. donaldi positive for P. knowlesi. This potential vector was associated with habitat fragmentation measured as disturbed forest edge:area ratio, while An. balabacensis was not, indicating fragmented land use could favour An. donaldi. Anopheline species richness and diversity decreased from forest edge, to plantation, to human settlement. Greater numbers of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi were found in forest edges compared to human settlements, suggesting exposure to vectors and associated zoonoses may be greater for people entering this habitat.

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“…Nevertheless, the PH for all the sites was within a range that was previously reported suitable for the natural breeding habitats of the An. arabiensis mosquitoes [29]. The level of dissolved oxygen was considerably higher for the Wolkite and the Asendabo sites compared to the Jimma site.…”

Section: Analysis Of Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Stability of the effect of silencing genes involved in the midgut homeostasis on Anopheles arabiensis mosquito reared under different breeding site conditions

Debalke¹,

Habtewold²,

Christophides³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria vector mosquitoes acquire midgut microbiota primarily from their habitat. The homeostasis of these microbial communities plays an essential role in the mosquito longevity, the most essential factor in the mosquito vectorial capacity. Our recent study revealed that silencing genes involved in regulation of the midgut homeostasis including FN3D1, FN3D3, and GPRGr9 reduced the survival of female adult Anopheles arabiensis mosquito. In the present study, we investigate the stability of the gene silencing efficiency of mosquitoes reared in three different breeding conditions representing distinct larval habitat types: town brick pits in Jimma, flood pools in the rural land of Asendabo and roadside pools in Wolkite. Methods: First instar larvae of An. arabiensis mosquitoes were reared separately using water collected from the three breeding sites. The resulting adult females were micro-injected with dsRNA targeting the FN3D1 gene (AARA003032) and their survival was monitored. Control mosquitoes were injected with dsRNA Lacz. In addition, the load of midgut microbiota of these mosquitoes was determined using flow cytometry.Result: Survival of naïve adult female mosquitoes differed between the three sites. Mosquitoes reared using water collected from brick pits and flood pools survived longer than mosquitoes reared using water collected from roadside. However, the FN3D1 gene silencing effect on survival did not differ between the three sites. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the efficacy of FN3D1 gene silencing is not affected by variation in the larval habitat. Thus, silencing this gene using genetic engineering approaches can have a large potential for application throughout sub-Saharan Africa.

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A Qualitative Evidence of the Breeding Sites of Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) in and Around Kassala Town, Eastern Sudan

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae senso lato (Diptera-Culicidae) in Anger Gute resettlement villages, western Ethiopia

Larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae senso lato (Diptera-Culicidae) in Anger Gute resettlement villages, western Ethiopia

Vector compositions change across forested to deforested ecotones in emerging areas of zoonotic malaria transmission in Malaysia

Stability of the effect of silencing genes involved in the midgut homeostasis on Anopheles arabiensis mosquito reared under different breeding site conditions

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