than ever. From a microeconomic perspective, on the other hand, due to competitive pressures brought by consolidation in the manufacturing sector, firms tend to produce in places where resources are less expensive. Finding sources in lowering production cost has led to a situation where companies spread their production units across continents. These developments in the world economy have been accelerated owing to factors like the importance of economies of scale, geographical expansion and trade liberalisation, which in turn lead to increasingly globalised enterprise activities. Consequently, the manufacturing industry in global supply chains becomes more dependent upon shipping and ports in inbound as well as outbound logistics.Having acted as trade facilitators, seaports *) are important players in the freight transport system. The era of globalisation and global supply chain management (SCM) has led to the evolving roles of ports and port operators which are shaping