“…In early prevention, we should pay attention to improving students' self-control ability and control or monitor the time that students use smartphones to prevent them from excessively using them. An effective way may be parental restrictive mediation related to students' smartphones because previous discussions have indicated that parental restrictive mediation and control exert a protective effect on adolescents' PSU (Chang et al, 2019;Chou & Chou, 2019;Meeus, Eggermont, & Beullens, 2019). Ko, Choi, Yang, Lee, and Lee (2015) created a useful mobile service that regards limiting the use of smartphones as a family activity, which emphasizes limits on screen time, enhancements in selfcontrol abilities, and participation with family members.…”