A quantitative analysis of poverty and livelihood profiles: The case of rural Rwanda

Ansoms, An; McKay, Andy

doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.06.006

Cited by 132 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…To comprehend whether poor people's livelihood is sustainable or not, the Sustainable Livelihood Analysis Frameworks (SLF) have been proposed [34][35][36]. Several studies related to rural livelihood have used SLF [14,16,17,19,23,29]. SLF encompasses five interacting elements namely; vulnerability context, asset pentagon, mediating factors, livelihood strategy, and outcomes that jointly create the livelihood of poor people [34].…”

Section: Livelihood Concept and Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have classified household livelihood strategies based either on income quartiles [14], households' asset ownership [15,16], major livelihood activities [17], or on income composition [7,18,19]. Studies centered on the welfare outcome of a household's livelihood strategies have consistently found a positive relationship between livelihood diversification to the non-farm sector and poverty reduction [11,14,16,20,21]. There is also increasing evidence of the contribution of business or rural enterprises and commercial farming for minimizing rural poverty [7,10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Khatiwada

Deng

Paudel³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

141

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Abstract:Understanding household livelihood strategies is pivotal to minimize rural poverty in the least developed countries like Nepal. This study is an attempt to assess livelihood strategies pursued by rural households, investigate the most remunerative strategy, and identify the factors that influence a household's choice of better strategies in rural Nepal. Primary data collected in 453 households from three villages of central Nepal are analyzed quantitatively within a sustainable livelihood framework. This study categorized households into five main livelihood strategy groups. The results showed that the majority (61%) of the households diversified their income to non-farm sources. Livelihood diversification to business/enterprise strategies adopted by 16% of the households is the most remunerative strategy followed by commercial farming that includes 13% of the sample and are more relevant to poverty reduction. Land holding, education, agriculture and skill training, access to credit, and proximity to the road and market center are the major influencing factors on the adoption of higher returning livelihood strategies. Stimulating poor households to follow market-oriented farm and non-farm activities by improving access to education, vocational training, rural credit, and rural infrastructures is momentous for reducing poverty in the rural areas of central Nepal.

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Section: Livelihood Concept and Analysis Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Khatiwada

Deng

Paudel³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the factors. PCA has been widely used in agricultural and rural studies, and specifically to construct farm typologies (Gaspar et al, 2008;Senthilkumar et al, 2009;Ansoms & McKay, 2010;Chávez et al, 2010;Giorgis et al, 2011;Righi et al, 2011). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and the Bartlett sphericity test were employed to measure the level of correlation of variables and assess their pertinence to develop the factor analysis (Hair et al, 1999;Larose, 2006).…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the final number of factors was determined, and with the purpose of obtaining a better definition of the factor loadings and simplifying the association of variables to factors, an orthogonal rotation of factors was performed using the Varimax method (Hair et al, 1999;Ansoms & McKay, 2010;Barnes et al, 2011). Following Hair et al (1999), and considering the sample size (238 farms), the significant factor loadings were considered as those over ±0.40.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of farms entering export supply chains: the case of fruit growers from central-south Chile

Ruiz

Muñoz

Palma

et al. 2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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The increasing stringency of world food markets requires farmers to adjust farm structure and commercial strategies to remain integrated in export supply chains. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize different types of fresh fruit farms with regard to farm structural and commercial strategies for a representative sample of fresh fruit growers from central-south Chile exporting to world markets. A typology of farms was constructed based on multivariate analysis, according to which five types of farms were differentiated from five distinct factors. Cluster I comprised the smallest and uncertified farms (14.3% of the sample). The remaining four clusters comprised certified farms, but with different farm structural and commercial characteristics. Cluster II (15.1%) was composed of farms located further from market connections. Cluster III (23.9%) comprised farms with the highest number of fruit species, and consequently, more diversified in fruit production. Cluster IV (8.8%) was the smallest group, and comprised the largest firms. Finally, Cluster V (37.8%) was composed of highly specialized fruit farms, with the highest proportion of hectares dedicated to the production of a single fruit species. The results show the heterogeneity among fresh fruit farms and support the need for differentiated incentives and technological transfer schemes from the public sector and fruit companies in order to successfully keep farmers within export supply chains.Additional key words: cluster analysis; commercial strategies; farm structure; farm typology; food chain; fresh fruit. * Corresponding author: lauranahuel@uach.cl Received: 27-08-12. Accepted: 14-03-13Abbreviations used: GAP (good agricultural practices); PCA (principal component analysis); SPS (sanitary and phytosanitary standards).

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“…Due to soil erosion processes and limited fertilizer use, the productivity of the small agricultural plots is no longer sufficient to provide food security for the majority of the farmers (Ansoms and McKay 2010). The East Africa region has four out of the nine hunger and poverty hotspots in Africa, spread out over parts of Ethiopia, Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Burundi (Inter-Academy Council 2004).…”

Section: Problems Of Agricultural Production and Food Insecurity In Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Farming with trees: a balancing act in the shade

Ndoli¹

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The smallholder agriculture sector in East Africa is the dominant economic and social activity for millions of farm households who are often resource-poor, food-insecure and most vulnerable to climate change. In this region, population pressure has led to shorter fallow periods or continuous cropping even on hillslopes causing erosion and leading to reduced soil organic matter content and nutrient mining without replenishment. Consequently, poor agricultural productivity has led to food shortages and these problems are likely to intensify in the region, as the human population is growing faster than in other parts of the world. Agroforestry, a low-input technology, was shown to contribute to the enhancement of food production while ensuring sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa.Agroforestry may improve food security by increasing soil fertility and providing additional income from tree products. Thus, agroforestry is now receiving increasing attention as a sustainable landmanagement option and some countries in East Africa (e.g. Rwanda) have pledged to restore up to 100% of their agricultural land mainly through agroforestry by the year 2020. Nevertheless, crop yields reduction in agroforestry are frequent due to competition for resources among trees and crops.In recent studies, tree canopy and root pruning were tested to improve light availability and resource use efficiency but studies that tackle crop management and tillage options to optimize crop productivity in the agroforestry systems are scarce.This thesis aims to assess the importance of agroforestry across Rwanda and its implication on crop productivity and food security of farm households, explore and recommend the maize varieties and tillage options that could minimize tree-crop competition in the equatorial savannah of Rwanda and Ethiopia. The approach combined household survey on the contribution of trees on household income and food security in six agroecologies of Rwanda, experiments on the microclimate and fertility effects of trees on crops in sub-humid region of Rwanda, maize variety testing in agroforestry systems and trials on conservation agriculture with trees in the equatorial savannah of two East African countries: Rwanda (Bugesera site) and Ethiopia (Meki site). The survey in Rwanda found that food security increases with increasing farm size and farmers with more trees tended to be wealthier (e.g. with larger land and more often higher crop and livestock income) and therefore tended to be more food secure in half of the agroecologies. The proportion of household income that came from tree products was the least among sources of income suggesting that most tree products are not sold but kept by farmers for their own use. Yet tree vi income was important for about 12% of the farmers, contributing more than 20% of their overall income. Households having low food security relied more on income from tree products than those with higher food security status. Therefore, income from tree products can be seen as a 'safety net' for the po...

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A quantitative analysis of poverty and livelihood profiles: The case of rural Rwanda

Cited by 132 publications

References 22 publications

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal

Heterogeneity of farms entering export supply chains: the case of fruit growers from central-south Chile

Farming with trees: a balancing act in the shade

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