A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston

Thurston, George D.; Spengler, John D.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(85)90132-5

Cited by 945 publications

(479 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

460

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…All datasets were considered good for the receptor model. According to the EPA PMF3 guide, PMF is often used for datasets with over 100 samples; moreover these datasets respect the suggestions by Henry et al (1984) (ratio between degrees of freedom and number of variables higher than 100) and by Thurston and Spengler (1985) (number of samples exceed the number of variables by at least a factor of three). Therefore we could apply PMF to each dataset separately.…”

Section: Contribution Of Ship Traffic To Metals In Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air

Gregoris

Barbaro

Morabito

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Harbours are important hubs for economic growth in both tourism and commercial activities. They are also an environmental burden being a source of atmospheric pollution often localized near cities and industrial complexes. The aim of this study is to quantify the relative contribution of maritime traffic and harbour activities to atmospheric pollutant concentration in the Venice lagoon. The impact of ship traffic was quantified on various pollutants that are not directly included in the current European legislation for shipping emission reduction: (i) gaseous and particulate PAHs; (ii) metals in PM 10 ; and (iii) PM 10 and PM 2.5 . All contributions were correlated with the tonnage of ships during the sampling periods and results were used to evaluate the impact of the European Directive 2005/33/EC on air quality in Venice comparing measurements taken before and after the application of the Directive (year 2010). The outcomes suggest that legislation on ship traffic, which focused on the issue of the emissions of sulphur oxides, could be an efficient method also to reduce the impact of shipping on primary particulate matter concentration; on the other hand, we did not observe a significant reduction in the contribution of ship traffic and harbour activities to particulate PAHs and metals.

show abstract

Section: Contribution Of Ship Traffic To Metals In Pm 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air

Gregoris

Barbaro

Morabito

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This technique allows for the identification of potential sources (principal components) with respect to the particle number concentration in different size ranges. Furthermore, a multilinear regression analysis (MLRA) allows for the calculation of the daily contribution of each source to the particle number concentration following the methodology proposed by Thurston and Spengler (1985) and Pey at al. (2009b).…”

Section: Positive Matrix Factorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of fine PM and sub-micron particle number concentrations at a regional background site in the western Mediterranean: a 2.5 year study

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chemical composition and sources of ambient fine particulate matter (PM₁) over a period of 2.5 years for a regional background site in the western Mediterranean are presented in this work. Furthermore, sub-micron particle number concentrations and the sources of these particles are also presented. The mean PM₁ concentration for the measurement period was 8.9 μg m⁻³, with organic matter (OM) and sulphate comprising most of the mass (3.2 and 1.5 μg m⁻³ respectively). Six sources were identified in PM₁ by Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF): secondary organic aerosol, secondary nitrate, industrial, traffic + biomass burning, fuel oil combustion and secondary sulphate. Typically anthropogenic sources displayed elevated concentrations during the week with reductions at weekends. Nitrate levels were elevated in winter and negligible in summer, whereas secondary sulphate levels underwent a contrasting seasonal evolution with highest concentrations in summer, similar to the fuel oil combustion source. The SOA source was influenced by episodes of sustained pollution as a result of anticyclonic conditions occurring during winter, giving rise to thermal inversions and the accumulation of pollutants in the mixing layer. Increased levels in summer were owing to higher biogenic emissions and regional recirculation of air masses. The industrial source decreased in August due to decreased emissions during the vacation period. Increases in the traffic + biomass burning source were recorded in January, April and October, which were attributed to the occurrence of the aforementioned pollution episodes and local biomass burning emission sources, which include agriculture and domestic heating systems. Average particle number concentrations (N_{9-825 nm}) from 5/11/2010 to 01/06/2011 and from 15/10/2011 to 18/12/2011 reached 3097 cm⁻³. Five emission sources of particle of sub-micron particles were determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA); industrial + traffic + biomass burning, new particle formation + growth, secondary sulphate + fuel oil combustion, crustal material and secondary nitrate. The new particle formation + growth source dominated the particle number concentration (56% of total particle number concentration), especially for particles < 100 nm, followed by industrial + traffic + biomass burning (13%). Secondary sulphate + fuel oil combustion (8%), nitrate (9%) and crustal material (2%) were dominant for particles of larger diameter (> 100 nm) and thus did not influence the particle number concentration significantly

show abstract

“…Quarterly mean site averages of the elemental and mass data were used. The absolute principal components method was applied, as developed by Thurston and Spengler (1985), in which factor analysis was conducted, absolute zero values were calculated and applied to give absolute factor analysis scores, followed by a regression of the mass to apportion PM 2.5 to source categories and locations around the US. The PM 2.5 source categories identified (and their key elements) were: metals industry (lead, zinc); soil particles (calcium, silica); motor vehicles (organic carbon, elemental carbon, nitrate); steel industry (iron, manganese); coal combustion (arsenic, selenium); oil combustion (vanadium, nickel); salt particles (sodium, chloride); and other sulfate.…”

Section: Source-focused Epidemiologic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Panel discussion review: session two — interpretation of observed associations between multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses

Kim

Burnett

Neas

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollution epidemiologic research has often utilized ambient air concentrations measured from centrally located monitors as a surrogate measure of exposure to these pollutants. Associations between these ambient concentrations and health outcomes such as lung function, hospital admissions, and mortality have been examined in short-and long-term cohort studies as well as in time-series and case-crossover studies. The issues related to interpreting the observed associations of ambient air pollutants with health outcomes were discussed at the US EPA sponsored workshop on December 13 and 14, 2006 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. The second session of this workshop focused on the following topics: (1) statistical methodology and study designs that may improve understanding of multipollutant health effects; (2) ambient concentrations as surrogate measures of pollutant mixtures; and (3) source-focused epidemiologic research. New methodology and approaches to better distinguish the effects of individual pollutants include multicity hierarchical modeling and the use of case-crossover analysis to control for copollutants. An alternative approach is to examine the mixture as a whole using principal component analysis. Another important consideration is to what extent the observed health associations are attributable to individual pollutants, which are often from common sources and are correlated, versus the pollutant mixtures that the pollutants are representing. For example, several ambient air concentrations, such as particulate matter mass, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, may be serving as surrogate measures of motor vehicle exhaust. Source apportionment analysis is one method that may allow further advancement in understanding the source components that contribute to multipollutant health effects.

show abstract

A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston

Cited by 945 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air

Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air

Source apportionment of fine PM and sub-micron particle number concentrations at a regional background site in the western Mediterranean: a 2.5 year study

Panel discussion review: session two — interpretation of observed associations between multiple ambient air pollutants and health effects in epidemiologic analyses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About