A quantitative demonstration of animal drive.

Dashiell, J. F.

doi:10.1037/h0071833

Cited by 81 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The exploration scales were developed via a content analysis of UT2004 in relation to how exploration has been conceptualized in the extant literature on emphasis change exploration (Erev & Gopher, 1999;Gopher et al, 1989;Yechiam et al, 2001), child exploration (Hutt, 1966;Jennings, Harmon, Morgan, Gaiter, & Yarrow, 1979), animal exploration (Dashiell, 1925;Nissen, 1930), and active learning (Dormann & Frese, 1994). Because exploratory behavior is defined in reference to specific task stimuli, developing scales of exploration in the context of the specific task domain is important for understanding how exploration operates in a practical learning context (Loewenstein, 1994).…”

Section: Exploratory Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory behavior in active learning: A between- and within-person examination

Hardy

Day

Hughes

et al. 2014

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

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Section: Exploratory Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory behavior in active learning: A between- and within-person examination

Hardy

Day

Hughes

et al. 2014

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

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“…On the other hand, food restriction would sensitize the approach coordinator module in response to salient stimuli. This sensitized state is not selective to food: animals under food restriction would facilitate responding for other salient stimuli such as novel stimuli (Dashiell, 1925), brain stimulation reward (Brady et al, 1957) and drugs (Carr, 2002). In rats, this coordinator module is thought to be more active during the night than the day (i.e., under circadian control).…”

Section: Defining Reward With Neurobiological Terms: Other Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: A neurobiological theory

Ikemoto

2010

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

383

280

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Reductionist attempts to dissect complex mechanisms into simpler elements are necessary, but not sufficient for understanding how biological properties like reward emerge out of neuronal activity. Recent studies on intracranial self-administration of neurochemicals (drugs) found that rats learn to self-administer various drugs into the mesolimbic dopamine structures-the posterior ventral tegmental area, medial shell nucleus accumbens and medial olfactory tubercle. In addition, studies found roles of non-dopaminergic mechanisms of the supramammillary, rostromedial tegmental and midbrain raphe nuclei in reward.To explain intracranial self-administration and related effects of various drug manipulations, I outlined a neurobiological theory claiming that there is an intrinsic central process that coordinates various selective functions (including perceptual, visceral, and reinforcement processes) into a global function of approach. Further, this coordinating process for approach arises from interactions between brain structures including those structures mentioned above and their closely linked regions: the medial prefrontal cortex, septal area, ventral pallidum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, preoptic area, lateral hypothalamic areas, lateral habenula, periaqueductal gray, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and parabrachical area.

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“…11. Campbell and Sheffield (1953) have suggested that the greater locomotor activity of hungry rats often reported (e.g., Dashiell, 1925;Alderstein & Fehrer, 1755; 1765a) may merely be due to a lowered threshold of responsiveness to stimulus change. As there was clearly no evidence of a latency difference in Exp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Reactions of Ferret-Polecat Hybrids to Complexity and Change

Eastment

Hughes

1968

Percept Mot Skills

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Ferret-polecat hybrids entered the more visually complex of 2 Y-maze arms more often during a 60-sec. period. In Exp. 2, when Ss were faced with a familiar complex arm and a less complex novel one, they chose the novel arm first but entered the complex arm more frequently during another 60-sec. period. They also entered an arm more quickly when run before feeding than when run afterwards. These findings resembled those reported for rats, thus extending the range of species known to be reactive to spatial changes in visual stimulation.It has been shown that visual stimulus complexity is an important factor in determining laboratory rats' environmental preferences (e.g., Dember, Earl, & Paradise, 1957). This paper is essentially comparative and describes an attempt to examine the generality of the variable's importance by investigating arm-selection in a Y maze by a relatively undomesticated carnivore, namely, a hybrid member of the family Mwtelidae. It has already been shown chat ferrets will respond to a temporal change in brightness (Hughes, 1964(Hughes, , 1965b and that such a change can overcome an alternation tendency (Hughes, 1967). However, the role of stimulus complexity (or spatial change) in maze-arm selection has not yet been established with mi~stelids (nor with any nonprimate group other than the laboratory rat). MethodSubjects and apparatus.-Ss were 18 ferret-polecat hybrids (Putorizbs putorius x Pzltorius pzltorius furo) approximately 6 mo. old.The apparatus was a wooden Y maze 10 in. high and 6 in. wide, painted mid-grey and covered with hinged wire-gauze lids. The lengths in inches of each arm, the stem and the startbox were 26.5, 27, and 14.5, respectively. The startbox was covered with a hinged, wooden lid and was separated from the stem by a guillotine slide. The arms met at an angle of 90' and were provided with clear Perspex barriers which could be inserted across each arm entrance thus allowing S to see into an arm without being able to enter it. One arm was always visually 'complex' and the other less complex or 'simple.' These differing complexities were produced by means of two painted, hardboard liners, each consisting of rear and side walls and a floor. The walls of the complex liner were

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A quantitative demonstration of animal drive.

Cited by 81 publications

References 3 publications

Exploratory behavior in active learning: A between- and within-person examination

Exploratory behavior in active learning: A between- and within-person examination

Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: A neurobiological theory

Reactions of Ferret-Polecat Hybrids to Complexity and Change

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