A quantitative method to estimate high gloss polished tool steel surfaces

Rebeggiani, Sabina; Rosén, Bengt-Göran; Sandberg, A.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/311/1/012004

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The topography of the surface of an engineering material is determined by the method of its processing and the nature of the material itself. In general, the substrate surface topography may originate from mechanical pretreatment (grinding, blasting, polishing) and ion etching [3,14].…”

Section: Topography Of the Substrate Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Namely, the removal rate depends on the hardness of the individual phase. Therefore, the harder phases that are more resistant against polishing will protrude from the surface (Figure 2) [14]. In such cases, the surface topography reflects the microstructure of the substrate material.…”

Section: Substrate Irregularities Induced By Mechanical Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors most often cite only some general data, such as surface roughness, while a deeper view of these issues is missing. Only a few studies are devoted to the influence of mechanical pretreatment and ion etching on the topography of PVD coatings [14,15]. In this paper, we limit ourselves to the topography of PVD hard coatings deposited on different substrates by various PVD methods used in industrial production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Topography of PVD Hard Coatings

et al. 2021

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The primary objective of this study was to investigate and compare the surface topography of hard coatings deposited by three different physical vapor deposition methods (PVD): low-voltage electron beam evaporation, unbalanced magnetron sputtering and cathodic arc evaporation. In these deposition systems, various ion etching techniques were applied for substrate cleaning. The paper summarizes our experience and the expertise gained during many years of development of PVD hard coatings for the protection of tools and machine components. Surface topography was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and 3D stylus profilometry. Observed similarities and differences among samples deposited by various deposition methods are discussed and correlated with substrate material selection, substrate pretreatment and deposition conditions. Large variations in the surface topography were observed between selected deposition techniques, both after ion etching and deposition processes. The main features and implications of surface cleaning by ion etching are discussed and the physical phenomena involved in this process are reviewed. During a given deposition run as well as from one run to another, a large spatial variation of etching rates was observed due to the difference in substrate geometry and batching configurations. Variations related to the specific substrate rotation (i.e., temporal variations in the etching and deposition) were also observed. The etching efficiency can be explained by the influence of different process parameters, such as substrate-to-source orientation and distance, shadowing and electric field effects. The surface roughness of PVD coatings mainly originates from growth defects (droplets, nodular defects, pinholes, craters, etc.). We briefly describe the causes of their formation.

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Section: Topography Of the Substrate Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Substrate Irregularities Induced By Mechanical Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Topography of PVD Hard Coatings

et al. 2021

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“…Weitere Arbeiten verwenden unterschiedlichste Aufnahmesysteme als Grundlage für die Welligkeits-/ Orangenhautbewertung [5][6][7][8]. Außerdem sind in der ISO 25178-2:2012 3D-Oberflächenkenngrößen definiert, die auch zur Beurteilung herangezogen werden können [9].…”

Section: Stand Der Technikunclassified

Segmentierung unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägter Welligkeiten auf lackierten Oberflächen

Vogelbacher

Ziebarth

Olawsky

et al. 2014

Tm - Technisches Messen

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The perception of coated surfaces is strongly influenced by their surface roughness and waviness. Looking at the waviness, the visual appearance depends not only on its occurence but also on its local changes. A surface with appearant local changes may be disturbing. In industry, today, the assessment of the degree of waviness is done with the help of various measuring instruments. These usually ignore the two-dimensional characteristic of the surface effect and, instead, sample the optical profile of the surface only in one dimension. Changes in the occurrence will not be considered, since they are lost in the average occurrence or lead to an incorrect measurement. In this paper, methods are proposed that allow the 2D acquisition and evaluation of the degree of waviness and also the detection of changes in the waviness. To this end, a deflectometric measuring system is used to obtain the gradient of the surface. By evaluating certain wavelength ranges, a comparison with standard parameters from the industry can be achieved

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“…According to the description in Ref. [10], the orange peel was identified as follows. First, the original surface was levelled via a least squares method and accordingly a reference least square plane was determined.…”

Section: Orange Peel Seen By Psimentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical analysis of orange peel on metallic surfaces

et al. 2012

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In this contribution, the orange peel on highly polished metallic surfaces was analysed by means of a 3D interferometric microscope and also using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Firstly, the surface topography of polished metallic samples, in view to detect orange peel, was determined using a phase-shifting interferometer. This metrological 3D analysis showed that the orange peel can be seen as a periodic waviness on the surface. Then the optical properties of the investigated samples were studied via spectroscopic ellipsometry at various incident angles. These ellipsometric measurements proved that the samples have peculiar optical properties. In particular, it was found that the resulting pseudo-dielectric function in the entire range from 1.5 eV to 2.5 eV -as obtained based on the measured ellipsometric parameters-does depend on the surface topography of the samples. Based in this experimental finding, it is then immediately shown that spectroscopic ellipsometry can be applied to qualitatively describe the orange peel on highly polished metallic surfaces.

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A quantitative method to estimate high gloss polished tool steel surfaces

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Surface Topography of PVD Hard Coatings

Surface Topography of PVD Hard Coatings

Segmentierung unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägter Welligkeiten auf lackierten Oberflächen

Optical analysis of orange peel on metallic surfaces

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