A quantitative model and controlling factors of secondary pore development for tight sandstone reservoirs in the carboniferous Benxi Formation, Ordos Basin, China

Wang, Jingyi; Jiang, Fujie; Hu, Qinhong; Zhang, Chunlin; Yang, Xiaoguang; Mo, Wuling; Wang, Xirong; Qi, Zhenguo

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.106034

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Therefore, the causes of reservoir sandstone compaction are complex. In addition to a small portion of dry layers relating to volcanic eruptions and tuffaceous impurities, some result from early carbonate cementation, while others relate to late diagenetic compaction [14,25]. Overall, however, the distributions of tight sandstones in the Benxi Formation exhibit multiscale and highly heterogeneous characteristics.…”

Section: Discussion On the Cause Of Dry Sandstones In The Benxi Forma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagenetic fluid properties and source-rock conditions of the Benxi Formation have jointly affected the development of dissolution pores. The gas content in the reservoirs is controlled by multiple factors, and the evaluation of gas-reservoir potential needs to consider the differences in depositional environments [14]. During the depositional period of the Benxi Formation, the Ordos Basin was in a marine-continental transitional sedimentary environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls on Gas-Reservoir Formation in the Benxi Formation in the Ganquan–Fuxian Area of the Ordos Basin, China

Song,

Meng,

et al. 2023

Energies

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The Benxi Formation is one of the most important gas-producing layers in the Ganquan–Fuxian area, but the complex gas–water distribution and lack of sandstone have severely constrained natural gas exploration and development in this area. This study analyzed the structure, paleogeomorphology, sedimentary facies, reservoir closures, and gas–water distribution of the Benxi Formation in the study area through drilling, coring, logging, seismic surveying, and experimental testing. The results show that the gas reservoirs in the Benxi Formation are mainly lithologic traps distributed along NW-trending barrier sandstones, with a small portion of updip pinchout closures. The water layers are mainly composed of thin sandstones with a single-layer thickness of less than 2 m, which are tidal-channel or barrier-margin microfacies sandstones. The water saturation in some thick sandstones is related to the activity and destruction of large individual faults. The dry layers are tight sandstones with porosity of less than 3.2%, mainly associated with high amounts of volcaniclastic matrix and lithic fragments, as well as compaction. The charging of the underlying high-quality Ordovician limestone reservoirs by carboniferous source rocks in the Benxi Formation reduces the probability of gas accumulation in Benxi sandstone. Based on the control of sedimentary facies and physical properties on gas accumulation, favorable reservoir distributions were predicted using seismic attributes and gas detection methods, providing the basis for the next phase of natural gas exploration and development in this area.

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Section: Discussion On the Cause Of Dry Sandstones In The Benxi Forma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controls on Gas-Reservoir Formation in the Benxi Formation in the Ganquan–Fuxian Area of the Ordos Basin, China

Song,

Meng,

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Thin-section analysis is used to determine the mineralogical composition, diagenetic relationships, and pore types of sandstones [21,22]. Sandstone samples were sliced, cast, and made into thin sections.…”

Section: Thin-section Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagenesis and Diagenetic Mineral Control on Reservoir Quality of Tight Sandstones in the Permian He8 Member, Southern Ningwu Basin

et al. 2023

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The sandstone reservoirs of the He8 member within the Lower Permian Shihezi Formation are important targets for oil and gas exploration in the southern Ningwu Basin. This study utilized thin-section identification, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis to examine the petrological features and reservoir characteristics, and evaluate the impact of the mineral composition and diagenesis type on the porosity of the sandstone reservoir. Additionally, a multiple linear regression prediction model was developed to predict the distribution of promising sandstone reservoirs in the study area. The results of the analysis revealed that the sandstone of the He8 member is mainly composed of feldspathic lithic sandstone, followed by lithic sandstone. The main reservoir type is characterized by secondarily dissolved pores and micropores within kaolinite aggregates. The low porosity (ranging from 0.2% to 10.7%) and permeability indicate that the He8 member is a tight sandstone reservoir. This reservoir has undergone compaction, cementation, and dissolution diagenesis, and is presently in the stage of mesodiagenesis B. The rigid framework of quartz, the dissolution of feldspar grains, and the intergranular pores of kaolinite are significant contributors to reservoir quality and the main drivers of porosity. In this study, a multivariate linear regression model was developed based on the mineral content of quartz, feldspar, carbonate minerals, kaolinite, smectite, and rock fragments, which accurately predicts the porosity of the studied reservoirs. Based on this model, it was predicted that the north of the Jingle South sub-depression contains a favorable reservoir space in the tight sandstone reservoir of the He8 member. The findings of this study hold significant reference value in the quantitative characterization of tight sandstone reservoirs with similar depositional and diagenetic characteristics, and improving the prediction effect of favorable reservoirs.

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“…Secondary porosity in a sandstone reservoir is defined as additional porosity that is generated by secondary processes after the deposition of sediments, while primary porosity is defined as the porosity that is formed during sediment deposition (Schmidt & McDonald, 1979a). Secondary porosity can be generated by processes such as fracturing, shrinkage, grain dissolution and clay mineral transformation (Schmidt & McDonald, 1979a, 1979b; Wang et al., 2023). This study specifically focuses on the secondary porosity derived from grain dissolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling diagenetic reactions and secondary porosity generation in sandstones controlled by the advection of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids

Li,

Black,

Hao

et al. 2024

Basin Research

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Higher secondary porosity was observed in the centre of a sandstone unit in the Eocene Shahejie Formation fan delta front sandstones from the Bozhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. This differs from past studies showing secondary porosity mainly in the marginal parts of sandstones adjacent to shales. This study utilized reactive transport models involving low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOA) to discuss potential processes resulting in the contrary distribution of secondary porosity. An interface model simulating LMWOA diffusion from adjacent shales to the sandstone resulted in secondary porosity in sandstones adjacent to shales. In contrast, an advection model simulating advective transport of LMWOA parallel to the sandstone bedding successfully generated higher secondary porosity in the central part. The central part of the sandstone exhibited better grain sorting (greater depositional porosity) and significantly less early carbonate cements compared to the marginal sandstone parts. Consequently, the central part had greater porosity prior to the dissolution through LMWOA. The initially higher porosity in the central part allowed for a higher advective flux of LMWOA‐rich water and associated lower pH, resulting in decreased oligoclase saturation, higher oligoclase dissolution rates and ultimately higher secondary porosity. This study indicates that grain sorting during sediment deposition, early carbonate cementation, LMWOA production in adjacent shales, and advection processes collectively control the diagenetic reactions and the distribution of secondary porosity in sandstones.

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A quantitative model and controlling factors of secondary pore development for tight sandstone reservoirs in the carboniferous Benxi Formation, Ordos Basin, China

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Controls on Gas-Reservoir Formation in the Benxi Formation in the Ganquan–Fuxian Area of the Ordos Basin, China

Controls on Gas-Reservoir Formation in the Benxi Formation in the Ganquan–Fuxian Area of the Ordos Basin, China

Diagenesis and Diagenetic Mineral Control on Reservoir Quality of Tight Sandstones in the Permian He8 Member, Southern Ningwu Basin

Modelling diagenetic reactions and secondary porosity generation in sandstones controlled by the advection of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids

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