A quantitative reconstruction of a loess–paleosol sequence focused on paleosol genesis: An example from a section at Chaoyang, China

Sun, Zhong-Xiu; Owens, Phillip R.; Cui, Han; Hui, Chen; Wang, Xiaolei; Wang, Qiubing

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.12.012

Cited by 24 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…S3 has a striking colour difference and has likely been subjected to relatively strong pedogenesis (Sun et al 2016). Contrary to expectations, the kaolinite contents were the lowest in S3, which is one of the most developed layers in the Chaoyang section, and displays the same pattern in the Lingtai (Gylesjö & Arnold 2006) and Baoji sections (Kalm et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). The reason is that the constant addition of aeolian dust with high base saturation materials has restricted palaeosol weathering intensity over time (Sun et al 2016). Weathering contributes greatly to differences in illite content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2a), where L represents loess and S stands for palaeosol. Stratigraphic descriptions were provided by Chen et al (2009b) and 42 genetic horizons were described in detail by Sun et al (2016). In order to characterise the stratigraphy of the loess–palaeosol sequence, a Bartington susceptibility meter (MS2), equipped with a MS2F probe, was used to directly measure mass magnetic susceptibility of the whole section in the field, with a precision of 1–2 %.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During field examination, the S0 and L1 were considered to have been reworked by water. Therefore, the top 2 m should be interpreted with care (Chen et al 2009b; Sun et al 2016).

Figure 2(a) Schematic logs of the stratigraphy with corresponding time constraints of the Chaoyang section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clay mineralogical characteristics and the palaeoclimatic significance of a Holocene to Late Middle Pleistocene loess–palaeosol sequence from Chaoyang, China

Sun

Wang

Cui

et al. 2015

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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Changes in soil chemistry in response to varying climatic regimes can alter the equilibria of soil systems and result in different clay minerals. Variations in phyllosilicate clay composition can reflect temporal and spatial climatic changes, such as summer/winter monsoon cycles. The objective of this research was to investigate the mineralogy of the clay fractions as a proxy for determining variations in the East Asian monsoon climate, based on a section at Chaoyang in China spanning the last 0.423 Ma BP. The clay mineralogy record in the Chaoyang section was compared with other proxies as recorded in this section and with other palaeoclimatic indicators, including oxygen isotopes from oceanic sediments and loess–palaeosol sections on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The results from clay mineralogy and related climatic studies show that the summer monsoon has a trend of four increased stages and four decreased stages; whereas the winter monsoon displays the opposite trend. During the last 0.423 Ma BP, the strongest winter monsoon occurred around 0.243–0.311 Ma BP. During this period, which included an intense winter monsoon, the soil in the section had the least illite, one of the smallest kaolinite and illite/Chlorite (I/C) indices and an overall decreasing clay content. The period 0.225–0.243 Ma BP had the strongest summer monsoon over the last 0.423 Ma BP. This period had the greatest amount of illite, the highest I/C index, greater overall clay content and the strongest magnetic susceptibility signal. Additionally, this section contained the smallest mean grain size. The multi-monsoon climate cycles of alternating cold-dry and warm-moist conditions as recorded in the Chaoyang section corresponded well with multiple glaciation cycles based on deep sea sediments. This indicates that the Chaoyang section provides a record of palaeoclimate changes in northeast China that can be linked to mineralogical suites to assist in reconstructing the palaeoclimate over the Late Middle Pleistocene, and complements the global palaeoclimate records in the CLP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During field examination, the S0 and L1 were considered to have been reworked by water. Therefore, the top 2 m should be interpreted with care (Chen et al 2009b; Sun et al 2016).

Figure 2(a) Schematic logs of the stratigraphy with corresponding time constraints of the Chaoyang section.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clay mineralogical characteristics and the palaeoclimatic significance of a Holocene to Late Middle Pleistocene loess–palaeosol sequence from Chaoyang, China

Sun

Wang

Cui

et al. 2015

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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“…Field photographs of the XSD profile: (a) stratigraphic sequence; b) manually excavated steep trench; (c, d) small grooves excavated for loose soil sample collection; (e, f) sample collection process. The abbreviations used in the sample descriptions (Sun et al , ) are: OR, rich in organic matter; GR, granular; MA, massive; PR, prismatic; ABK, angular blocky; SBK, sub‐angular blocky; L, loose; MH, moderately hard; HA, hard; VH, very hard; EH, extremely hard; CP, carbonate pseudomycelia; CC, calcareous concretions; Fe‐Mn, Fe‐Mn oxide plaque. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Quaternary paleoclimate change on the permeability of the loess–paleosol sequence in the Loess Plateau, northern China

Hou

Qian

Zhang

et al. 2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Permeability differences in multi‐cycle loess–paleosol aeolian sediments, which are still poorly understood, have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of climatic change during the glacial–interglacial periods of the Quaternary. In this study, the permeability of a well‐preserved and continuous loess–paleosol sequence in the South Jingyang Plateau was investigated. Weathering intensity was inferred using a series of climate proxies including grain‐size distribution, magnetic susceptibility and mineralogy. The results of laboratory tests showed that the average saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess layers is higher than that of paleosol layers. Also, clear differences between loess and paleosol were found in terms of depth variations of the vertical and horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivities. Differences in loess–paleosol were also found for other proxies for pedogenic weathering [i.e. clay content, sand content, Kd value (ratio of coarse silt to clay), magnetic susceptibility, dolomite content and the ratios of hornblende/illite and hornblende/chlorite]. Our results showed a high permeability of loess layers associated with weak pedogenic weathering during cold/dry paleoclimatic conditions in glacial stages. On the contrary, paleosol layers developed in a warm/humid climate during the interglacial stages experienced strong pedogenic weathering that resulted in lower permeability. Based on these results, we construct a connection between Quaternary climate change theory and the modern hydrological system. This provides a scientific basis for investigating the distribution and pollution of groundwater resources in the local region. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Iron pools of the typical loess–palaeosol sequence and their environmental significance in northeastern China

Sun,

Wang,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The iron content can be used as a proxy for the intensity of weathering and pedogenesis, which reflect long‐term climate cycles and short‐term climate fluctuations and events. In this study, a typical loess–palaeosol sequence for 19.85 m in thickness deposited since 423 ka BP in northeastern China was investigated, and its iron pools were determined. The results reveal that with increasing depth, the abundances of different forms of iron are consistent with the changes in the magnetic susceptibility. Iron (Fe) in all forms is more abundant in the palaeosol than in the loess. The silicate‐bound Fe pool (Fer = Fet − Fed) accounts for 60.4% of the total Fe (Fet), indicating weak pedogenesis. The Fe in the crystalline oxides (Fec = Fed − Feo) is predominantly free Fe (Fed), with a crystallinity [Fey = (Fed − Feo) × 100 / Fed] of as high as 97.2%. The coefficients of variation of the different forms of iron associated with the soil depth are as follows: Fec > Fed > poorly crystalline Fe (Feo) > Fer > Fet. The distribution of the forms of Fe throughout the profile is a clear indicator of the pedogenesis. The Fed, Fec, and Fe freeness (freeness = Fed × 100 / Fet) correlate with the magnetic susceptibility. The neoformation of iron (Fe) oxides was closely related to the degree of pedogenesis. More crystalline Fe oxides were found in the soil layers corresponding to warm interglacial periods. We detected variations in the abundance of the Fe pools for characterizing climate fluctuations that occurred in a short period of time. In this study, we demonstrated that when used in combination with dating techniques, morphological development indices, and magnetic susceptibility, the measurement of soil Fe pools can be extremely useful for tracing the iron evolution in the Earth's critical zone and reconstructing past climatic events in loess–palaeosol sequences.

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A quantitative reconstruction of a loess–paleosol sequence focused on paleosol genesis: An example from a section at Chaoyang, China

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Clay mineralogical characteristics and the palaeoclimatic significance of a Holocene to Late Middle Pleistocene loess–palaeosol sequence from Chaoyang, China

Clay mineralogical characteristics and the palaeoclimatic significance of a Holocene to Late Middle Pleistocene loess–palaeosol sequence from Chaoyang, China

Influence of Quaternary paleoclimate change on the permeability of the loess–paleosol sequence in the Loess Plateau, northern China

Iron pools of the typical loess–palaeosol sequence and their environmental significance in northeastern China

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