This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Behavioral Ecology following peer review. The version of record Setchell, J. M., Richards, S., Abbott, K. M. Knapp, L. A. (2016)
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LAY SUMMARYWe examined whether male mate-guarding in mandrills varies with female genotype. Males were less likely to mate-guard females with specific genotypes which may be disadvantageous to offspring, and more likely to mate-guard females with genes that were different to their own, which would result in genetically diverse offspring.
ABSTRACTFemale choice for male major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype has been widely tested, but the relationship between male mating strategies and female MHC genotype has received far less attention. Moreover, few studies of MHC-associated mate choice test for the fitness effects underlying such choice. We examined mate-guarding by male mandrills, a species with intense male-male competition and female offspring care. We developed a statistical model based on 10 years of observations to describe how the probability a female is mate-guarded varies across her sexual cycle, among cycles and among females. We accounted for female rank, parity and maternal relatedness. We then tested whether the occurrence of mate-guarding is influenced by (i) MHC-dissimilarity, (ii) female MHCdiversity, and (iii) specific female MHC genotypes. Finally, we tested for associations between MHC variables and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in blood samples taken during routine captures. The best-fit models included either MHC-dissimilarity (males were more likely to mate-guard more dissimilar females, and there was some evidence of preference for intermediate MHC-dissimilarity), or a specific MHC supertype. Four of 11 supertypes investigated were influential and one had a strong negative influence on mateguarding. We found some evidence that the MHC genotype that attracted the least mateguarding was disadvantageous in terms of immune function. However, we did not find evidence that MHC-diversity was related to immune function. These results suggest that highly competitive males modify their mating behaviour based on female MHC genotype, and a possible fitness benefit to mate choice for specific genotypes.