A Quantitative Study of Empathy in Pakistani Medical Students: A Multicentered Approach

Tariq, Nabia; Rasheed, Tariq; Tavakol, Mohsen

doi:10.1177/2150131917716233

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similarly, studies with medical students showed that the score of students' empathy decreased during the third year of education (12,22,24,25). The results of our research showed that empathy of the third year nursing students, is more than the second year students.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Changes in the level of nursing students’ empathy during four years education

Kesbakhi

Rohani

2019

Preprint

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Background: A review of previous studies on nursing students’ empathy showed contradictory results with reducing or increasing empathy in nursing students and other students in the healthcare field during academic years of education at the university. Methods: The descriptive study with comparative design was conducted to determine the level of empathy and its changes in 122 undergraduate nursing students from the first to the fourth year of study. The data were collected using Jefferson Scale ofPhysician Empathy Nursing Student Version-R (JSE- NS version R) . Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical tests by SPSS version 20. Results: Results showed that the mean score of empathy in all nursing students was 91.8 ± 28.7 (range: 20-140). Changes of empathy across the academic education years indicated that it was significantly declined in the fourth year of education, compared to the first year (p<0.001). The mean score of empathy in more than 76% of nursing students in the fourth academic education year was set at less than 50 th percentile. Conclusions: Based on this significant reduction, it is recommended that the reasons are explored by qualitative studies. Also, empathy is introduced to the nursing students, as one of the standards of clinical competency using strategies, such as education for empathic communication with the patient in training programs, and in the core courses of the nursing profession.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Changes in the level of nursing students’ empathy during four years education

Kesbakhi

Rohani

2019

Preprint

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“…The non-Western countries were Brazil [43], China [44,45], Colombia [41,51], Dominican Republic [41], Ecuador [51], Ethiopia [37], India [36,39], Iran [21,46,47,50], Korea [48], Kuwait [53], Malaysia [54], Pakistan [33], Trinidad and Tobago [34] and Turkey [23].…”

Section: Countrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine cross-sectional studies investigated a possible relation between empathy scores and specialty preferences of the students [27,28,33,34,39,43,45,46,53]. Three studies detected higher levels of empathy among students who preferred a "people-orientated" specialty [28,43,45].…”

Section: Specialty Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of the thirty studies, nine cross-sectional studies that all applied JSPE-S, from India [36,39], Kuwait [53], China [44,45], Korea [48], Iran [46,50] and Pakistan [33], reported lower mean empathy scores compared to Western countries.…”

Section: Western and Non-western Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible association between levels of empathy and specialty preferences was investigated in nine of the included studies [27,28,33,34,39,43,45,46,53]. Only three studies [28,43,45] reported an association between higher level of empathy among people preferring "people-orientated" specialities.…”

Section: Specialty Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the trajectory of medical students’ empathy, and impact of gender, specialty preferences and nationality: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background: Empathy allows a physician to understand the patient's situation and feelings and respond appropriately. Consequently, empathy gives rise to better diagnostics and clinical outcomes. This systematic review investigates the level of empathy among medical students across the number of educational years and how this level relates to gender, specialty preferences, and nationality. Method: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), the authors conducted a systematic search of studies published between February 2010 and March 2019 investigating the level of empathy among medical students. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched. Studies employing quantitative methodologies and published in English or Scandinavian language and examining medical students exclusively were included. Results: Thirty studies were included of which 24 had a cross-sectional and 6 a longitudinal study design. In 14 studies, significantly lower levels of empathy were reported by increase in the number of educational years. The remaining 16 studies identified both higher, mixed and unchanged levels. In 18 out of 27 studies it was reported that females had higher empathy scores than males. Only three out of nine studies found an association between empathy scores and specialty preferences. Nine out of 30 studies reported a propensity towards lower mean empathy scores in non-Western compared to Western countries. Conclusion: The results revealed equivocal findings concerning how the empathy level among medical students develops among medical students across numbers of educational years and how empathy levels are associated with gender, specialty preferences, and nationality. Future research might benefit from focusing on how students' empathy is displayed in clinical settings, e.g. in clinical encounters with patients, peers and other health professionals.

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Psychometry and estimation of cutoff points of Jefferson Scale of empathy in dental students

Díaz

Reyes‐Reyes

Calzadilla

et al. 2020

Journal of Dental Education

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Objective The objective of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the 3‐dimensional latent model of empathy on the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy instrument (version S), and to verify the existence of cutoff points capable of differentiating empathy measures classified as: “high,” “medium,” and “low” using data collected from observations of students from 11 dental faculties of 5 Central American and Caribbean countries (n = 3082) between 2015 and 2019. Methods This is an exploratory, “a posteriori,” and non‐experimental study. Factor structure and factor invariance by country and gender were analyzed. Hierarchical cluster analysis and bifactorial analysis were applied, and the data were normalized by cluster and by percentiles within them. Results Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original model was replicable and fit the data, while multigroup analysis allowed assuming an invariant factor structure by country and by gender. There is reliability in the measurement made by the scale and its dimensions. Conclusions The instrument has adequate psychometric properties, and cutoff values obtained allow people with lower or higher levels of empathy and its components to be classified. Therefore, these results solve the problem of comparing the scores and observed levels of empathy between dental schools within and between countries and between genders. Such comparisons were only possible since the original data of each study were made available for traditional statistical methods.

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A Quantitative Study of Empathy in Pakistani Medical Students: A Multicentered Approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Changes in the level of nursing students’ empathy during four years education

Changes in the level of nursing students’ empathy during four years education

Revisiting the trajectory of medical students’ empathy, and impact of gender, specialty preferences and nationality: a systematic review

Psychometry and estimation of cutoff points of Jefferson Scale of empathy in dental students

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