A quantum key distribution network in the metropolitan area of Padova

Avesani, Marco; Foletto, Giulio; Padovan, Matteo; Calderaro, Luca; Agnesi, Costantino; Bazzani, Elisa; Berra, Federico; Bertapelle, Tommaso; Picciariello, Francesco; Santagiustina, Francesco B. L.; Scalcon, Davide; Scriminich, Alessia; Stanco, Andrea; Vedovato, Francesco; Vallone, Giuseppe; Villoresi, Paolo

doi:10.1117/12.2649400

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus, secret keys appear not where they are used, but in a different location; therefore the problem of their secure delivery to, e.g. a server room inside the building becomes an additional obstacle or even a security threat; (b) deliver quantum states to a convenient location via the SMF, but suffer some 20 dB of coupling loss [17,18]. As one can see, neither option is very appealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-mode free-space delay interferometer with no refractive compensation elements for phase-encoded QKD protocols

Tretiakov,

Kravtsov,

Klimov

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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We demonstrate a compensation-free approach to the realization of multi-mode delay interferometers, mainly for use in phase-encoded quantum key distribution (QKD). High interference visibility of spatially multi-mode beams in unbalanced Michelson or Mach–Zehnder interferometers with a relatively wide range of delays is achieved by the appropriate choice of the transverse size of the beam. We provide a simple theoretical model that gives a direct connection between the visibility of interference, the delay and the beam parameters. The performed experimental study confirms our theoretical findings and demonstrates measured visibility of up to 0.95 for a delay of 2 ns. Our approach’s simplicity and robust performance make it a practical choice for the implementation of QKD systems, where a quantum signal is received over a multi-mode fiber. The important application of such a configuration is an intermodal QKD system, where the free-space atmospheric communication channel is coupled into a span of the multi-mode fiber, delivering the spatially distorted beam to the remote receiver with minimal coupling loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-mode free-space delay interferometer with no refractive compensation elements for phase-encoded QKD protocols

Tretiakov,

Kravtsov,

Klimov

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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Cost-effective QKD protocol upgrading for metropolitan quantum optical networks

Guo¹,

Cao²,

Zhu³

et al. 2023

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a promising technology that can provide future-proof security. With the emergence of multiple advanced QKD protocols, the QKD protocol upgrading for a metropolitan quantum optical network (MQON) is critical for fulfilling the requirements of users for secret keys with a high security level. Conventionally, due to the lack of effective QKD protocol upgrading strategies for MQONs, massive amounts of resources have to be consumed during QKD protocol upgrading, resulting in high costs. In order to reduce the costs for practical implementation of QKD protocol upgrading, in this work, a new policy of QKD protocol upgrading is proposed, where the bypass technique is adopted to decouple multiple protocols from the linking patterns for efficient resource utilization. Moreover, we illustrate a multi-role QKD node structure for enabling the harmonious operation of multiple QKD protocols. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and a novel divided-packet-based QKD protocol upgrading algorithm are designed to save costs by relying on flexible traffic management. We also propose a fixed-chain-based QKD protocol upgrading algorithm with fixed traffic management for achieving low costs. Simulation results indicate that the proposed heuristic algorithms are significantly more cost effective than the associated benchmark algorithms, while the MILP model can reduce the cost of protocol upgrading by 41% compared with the benchmark.

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Large-scale quantum key distribution network simulator

Dervisevic,

Voznak,

Mehic

2024

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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The wide range of supported services in modern telecommunication networks has increased the demand for highly secure means of communication. Common security frameworks based on the computational security model are expected to become insecure due to significant advances in quantum computing. Quantum key distribution (QKD), a new secret key agreement primitive, enables long-anticipated practical information-theoretical security (ITS). Over the past two decades, academic and industrial communities have devoted their time and resources to developing QKD-based networks that can distribute and serve ITS keys to remote parties. However, because the availability of QKD network testbeds to the larger research community is limited and the deployment of such systems is costly and difficult, progress in this area is noticeably slow. To address this problem and spur future development and education, we provide a valuable, unique tool for simulating a QKD network. The tool is essential to testing novel network management methodologies applied to large-scale QKD networks. The simulator model contained in the tool was validated by simulating a network with six nodes and three pairs of users. The results indicate that the designed functional elements operate correctly.

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A quantum key distribution network in the metropolitan area of Padova

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

A multi-mode free-space delay interferometer with no refractive compensation elements for phase-encoded QKD protocols

A multi-mode free-space delay interferometer with no refractive compensation elements for phase-encoded QKD protocols

Cost-effective QKD protocol upgrading for metropolitan quantum optical networks

Large-scale quantum key distribution network simulator

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