A rabbit model of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia

Panda, Aruna; Tatarov, Ivan; Masek, Billie Jo; Hardick, Justin; Crusan, Annabelle; Wakefield, Teresa; Carroll, Karen C.; Yang, Samuel; Hsieh, Yu Hsiang; Lipsky, Michael; McLeod, Charles G.; Levine, Myron M.; Rothman, Richard E.; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; DeTolla, Louis J.

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2014.05.004

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The manifestation of the persistent behavioral characteristics of catatonic, ataxia, lethargy, respiratory distress, dehydration, and weight loss in mouse model infection treated with placebo agrees with the findings of some researchers (27)(28)(29). The demonstration of the reversal of behavioral characteristics of the mice model at higher doses in comparison with ciprofloxacin antibiotic tallies with the findings of Talukdar et al (27) and Panda et al (28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dosage Determination of Ethnopharmacologically Used Fermented Zea mays subsp. mays Liquor Extract of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex. J.C. Wendel Leaf Against Salmonella typhi

Gabriel-Ajobiewe

Gabriel

Cyril-Olutayo

et al. 2020

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Bambusa vulgaris (bamboo) is a common plant in tropical regions of the world, with multiple biological activities. Cereal steep liquors have been identified to act against some fecal bacteria. Given the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance coupled with the cost of antibiotics, there is a need for mitigation efforts and the shift by locals to herbal products. Methods: The factorial study design was employed. Bamboo leaves were washed, dried, milled, and soxhlet extracted for 16 h using the steep fermented liquor from Zea mays subsp. mays as the solvent. Rotary evaporated extracts of various weights were used to carry out sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Oral acute toxicity was determined. The in vivo assay was used to determine the effective dosage for the treatment of infected mice while distilled water and ciprofloxacin served negative and positive controls, respectively. Results: The average inhibition zone diameters in the sensitivity test at 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL concentrations were 16.20 ± 0.06 mm, 19.10 ± 0.02 mm, and 22.10 ± 0.05 mm, respectively, while the MIC against Salmonella typhi was 25 mg/mL. The extract was found to be safe at up to 5000 mg/kg dose, which means that the LD50 was ≥ 3808 mg/kg. The Widal test revealed that mice responded to treatment with the extract at different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) as the number of days increased. The in vivo assay on day 14 showed the bactericidal property at a dosage of 200 mg/mL. Conclusions: Bamboo leaves extract in steep liquor from fermented yellow maize displayed excellent pharmacological activity against the pathogenic organism of typhoid fever with a potential source of active agents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Dosage Determination of Ethnopharmacologically Used Fermented Zea mays subsp. mays Liquor Extract of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex. J.C. Wendel Leaf Against Salmonella typhi

Gabriel-Ajobiewe

Gabriel

Cyril-Olutayo

et al. 2020

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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“…The liver showed necrosis, congestion, and petechial hemorrhages, areas of necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration. Spleen displayed areas of lymphoid congestion and depletion, acute to subacute enteritis and hepatitis caused by septicemia/ bacteremia linked to the experimental S. enterica infection (18). And the latter is similar to the findings of the positive control group in which severe destruction and inflammatory reaction was noted in the studied organs and there was low protective ability of the body.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The Protective Role of Salmonella Typhimurium-Whole Sonicated Killed Antigen and Syzygium aromaticum Extract on the Histopathological Changes Against Its Infection in Rabbits

Al-Juburi

AL-Sammarraae

2022

Iraqi J. Vet. Med.

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This research aimed to evaluate the protective ability of Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in rabbits. Three groups of eight rabbits were given the following: The first group was subcutaneously given SalmonellaTyphimurium-whole sonicated killed antigen (ST-WSKAg); the second group was orally given S. aromaticum extract as well as KWCSAg-ST subcutaneously; the third group was left as positive control group. The rabbit groups were orally challenged by 9×108 CFU/mLSalmonella Typhimurium then the animals were sacrificed 10 days postchallenge for histopathological study. Intestine, liver, kidney, and spleen were studied for pathological changes. The results showed that the second group had the least histopathological changes with mild inflammation and cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as low amount of vacuolation. The ST-WSKAg group showed multifocal aggregation of inflammatory cells and inflammation of all organs studied, as well as slight interstitial edema with few cellular infiltration and cystic tubular dilation of neighboring tubules in kidney. The positive control group showed the most extensive signs of destruction, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as existence of live bacterium in tissue. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed to give a suitable protective ability against inflammation and destruction of virulent Salmonella Typhimurium infection in comparison to both of ST-WSKAg and positive control groups

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“…More recently, an intraperitoneal rabbit model was established for nontyphoidal Salmonella (82). Animals were infected intraperitoneally with high doses (10 12 to 10 13 CFU) of Salmonella Enteritidis strain CVD J73 and monitored daily for signs of illness, including weight loss, fever, lethargy, and dehydration.…”

Section: Systemic Infection Small Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Salmonellosis: Applications in Vaccine Research

Higginson

Simon

Tennant

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Salmonellosis remains an important cause of human disease worldwide. While there are several licensed vaccines for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, these vaccines are generally ineffective against other Salmonella serovars. Vaccines that target paratyphoid and nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars are very much in need. Preclinical evaluation of candidate vaccines is highly dependent on the availability of appropriate scientific tools, particularly animal models. Many different animal models exist for various Salmonella serovars, from whole-animal models to smaller models, such as those recently established in insects. Here, we discuss various mouse, rat, rabbit, calf, primate, and insect models for Salmonella infection, all of which have their place in research. However, choosing the right model is imperative in selecting the best vaccine candidates for further clinical testing. In this minireview, we summarize the various animal models that are used to assess salmonellosis, highlight some of the advantages and disadvantages of each, and discuss their value in vaccine development.A nimal models are indispensable tools for assessing candidate vaccines, with preclinical animal safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy data being prerequisite for regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prior to undertaking early-stage clinical trials. However, not all animal models are created equal. While some models are highly robust and closely mimic clinical infection, others are contrived and far removed from clinical relevance. Choosing the right animal model for the vaccine under investigation is imperative in determining its safety and/or effectiveness.Salmonella spp. are often used as model organisms to study bacterial pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions, due to the ability of certain Salmonella serovars to readily infect animals. As such, there are a myriad of animal models available to vaccine developers. These range from colonization or lethality models to those involving complex surgical techniques (Table 1). The choice of model is often related not only to relevance but also cost, ethics, housing requirements, and the availability of appropriate technical expertise. While most researchers utilize one model or another, integration of data from multiple animal models can provide a more complete understanding of the safety of a candidate vaccine and/or predict how a potential vaccine may perform in humans. In this minireview, we provide background on Salmonella clinical syndromes and pathogenesis and then summarize the various animal models that have been used for Salmonella vaccine research. We include a brief discussion of the technical aspects, advantages, and limitations of each model, followed by a review of the literature surrounding its use in vaccine evaluation. While there has been considerable development for veterinary Salmonella vaccines, here we will focus solely on vaccines and models for human salmonellosis.

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A rabbit model of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Dosage Determination of Ethnopharmacologically Used Fermented Zea mays subsp. mays Liquor Extract of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex. J.C. Wendel Leaf Against Salmonella typhi

Dosage Determination of Ethnopharmacologically Used Fermented Zea mays subsp. mays Liquor Extract of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex. J.C. Wendel Leaf Against Salmonella typhi

The Protective Role of Salmonella Typhimurium-Whole Sonicated Killed Antigen and Syzygium aromaticum Extract on the Histopathological Changes Against Its Infection in Rabbits

Animal Models for Salmonellosis: Applications in Vaccine Research

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