A Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Fabry–Pérot Antenna Based on Liquid Metal

Yang, Xu; Liu, Ying; Lei, Haoyu; Jia, Yongtao; Zhu, Peisheng; Zhou, Zhipeng

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2993310

Cited by 47 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Among them, the outstanding characteristics of fluidity, electrical conductivity and deformability of liquid metal (LM) promise to become especially important in the field of reconfigurable electronic devices. Up to now, the potential of LM-based antennas has been demonstrated via pattern-, frequency- and polarization-reconfigurable prototypes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], in which the LM mainly performs as a deformable structure for shape-patterning or switching in the radiating elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the mercury ban is a global trend. Gallium-based LM (GBLM) is a good substitute for mercury due to its non-volatile and non-toxic properties [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. However, the oxidation of gallium greatly limits the antenna application of GBLM, since gallium oxide is facile to stick to the surface of the cavity [ 9 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the radiation efficiency of the antenna may be reduced since the electrical conductivity of gallium oxide (5 × 10 −4 S/m [ 26 ]) is much lower than that of GBLM. Almost all existing research works on GBLM antennas either ignore the trouble of oxidation or add acid/alkaline electrolytes [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. The electrolytes used in the deoxidation process produce three serious problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Design and Manufacturing Process of an Electrolyte-Free Liquid Metal Frequency-Reconfigurable Antenna

Qin

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This communication provides an integrated process route of smelting gallium-based liquid metal (GBLM) in a high vacuum, and injecting GBLM into the antenna channel in high-pressure protective gas, which avoids the oxidation of GBLM during smelting and filling. Then, a frequency-reconfigurable antenna, utilizing the thermal expansion characteristic of GBLM, is proposed. To drive GBLM into an air-proof space, the thermal expansion characteristics of GBLM are required. The dimensions of the radiating element of the liquid metal antenna can be adjusted at different temperatures, resulting in the reconfigurability of the operating frequency. To validate the proposed concept, an L-band antenna prototype was fabricated and measured. Experimental results demonstrate that the GBLM in the antenna was well filled, and the GBLM was not oxidized. Due to the GBLM being in an air-proof channel, the designed liquid metal antenna without electrolytes could be used in an air environment for a long time. The antenna is able to achieve an effective bandwidth of over 1.25–2.00 GHz between 25 °C and 100 °C. The maximum radiation efficiency and gain in the tunable range are 94% and 2.9 dBi, respectively. The designed antenna also provides a new approach to the fabrication of a temperature sensor that detects temperature in some situations that are challenging for conventional temperature sensing technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Design and Manufacturing Process of an Electrolyte-Free Liquid Metal Frequency-Reconfigurable Antenna

Qin

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Beam reconfigurable antenna can generate different radiation patterns on a physical aperture, as shown in Figure 1. In recent years, three beam-steering techniques have been used to design beam reconfigurable antennas: mechanical devices [1,2], tunable materials [3,4], and solid state devices, such as PIN diodes [5,6], varactors [7,8], and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [9]. Mechanical devices have special requirements for structure design where it need be mounted beneath the ground plane to isolate the antenna radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the antenna gain can be improved quickly by increasing the number of elements [13,14], the complexity of the feed network or the size of the antenna aperture increases, even the transmission loss of feed network is also increased. By adding artificial electromagnetic surface on the upper or lower space of antenna aperture, the radiation gain can be greatly improved [15,16]. However, its bandwidth is narrow for the limitation of resonance conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Wideband Beam Reconfigurable Magneto-Electric Dipole Patch Antenna

Wang¹,

Yang²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

PIER C

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A novel wideband beam reconfigurable magneto-electric dipole patch antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two H-shaped patches, two folded patches, an E-shaped feeding structure, a side-slotted ground, and a large reflective ground. Two H-shaped patches are horizontally placed on both sides of the feed structure, and two folded patches are assembled vertically to the upper ground, which are designed as the magneto-electric dipole structure. Two symmetrically sided slots are etched on the upper ground to reduce the profile, and an E-shaped strip is employed in the feeding structure to broaden the bandwidth. To suppress the backward radiation, a lower ground with large size is designed as a reflector. Four binary switches are symmetrically integrated on the stubs of H-shaped patches. By switching them ON or OFF simultaneously, the current distribution is changed to achieve beam reconfigurability. Finally, a set of antenna prototype with four configurations is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that maximum impedance bandwidth achieves up to 77.8% at 2.7 GHz from 2.0 GHz to 4.1 GHz. At 2.7 GHz, the measured peak gains are 8.4 dBi, 9.3 dBi, 8.1 dBi, and 8.7 dBi, where the beams point to −21 • , 0 • , 21 • , and 34 • , respectively in E-plane.

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2‐D low‐profile beam‐switching multibeam antenna based on dimension gradient metasurface

Dou

Han

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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A 2-D multibeam antenna based on the dimension gradient metasurface is proposed in this paper. The metasurface is composed of four subunits formed by square patches with the dimension gradient in a 5 Â 5 pattern. When the dimension gradient of subunits is adjusted, the beam direction in the azimuth plane can be switched in a larger range. Furthermore, by introducing L-shaped slots in the ground plane and two stubs on the feeding lines, the peak gain, sidelobe level and isolation of the antenna can be improved. Meanwhile, the antenna maintains a low profile of 0.06 λ 0 . The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 16.5% (5.5-6.49 GHz). Four beams are generated and pointed at (φ 0 , θ 0 ) = (70 , 23 ), (160 , 24 ), (250 , 21 ), and (340 , 24 ). The peak gains of the beams reach 8.54 dBi.

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A Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Fabry–Pérot Antenna Based on Liquid Metal

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

The Design and Manufacturing Process of an Electrolyte-Free Liquid Metal Frequency-Reconfigurable Antenna

The Design and Manufacturing Process of an Electrolyte-Free Liquid Metal Frequency-Reconfigurable Antenna

A Novel Wideband Beam Reconfigurable Magneto-Electric Dipole Patch Antenna

2‐D low‐profile beam‐switching multibeam antenna based on dimension gradient metasurface

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