A Radiative Transfer Modeling Methodology in Gas-Liquid Multiphase Flow Simulations

Krishnamoorthy, Gautham; Klosterman, Rydell; Shallbetter, Dylan

doi:10.1155/2014/793238

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Examples of where spectral simulations were carried out using the FVDOM or DOM methods present a more accurate picture of the functionality of PBRs. For example, [92], conducted simulations on RTE As stated in [92], savings in calculation times can be made with astute choices in solution scheduling.…”

Section: Radiative Transfer Equation Discretisation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many PBR CFD studies have been found to be lacking with appropriate modelling approaches to solving the full form of the RTE as shown in (3.9). There is strong evidence to suggest that one must take into account the effects of in-scattering [67,69,92,93,97,98]. It was found that the threshold beyond which one must start to consider the effects of in-scattering is 100 mgL −1 dry weight of biomass [97].…”

Section: Summary Of Radiation Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed parameter modelling of phototrophic bioreactor systems

Barry¹

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Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) use infrared light to generate microbial energy, with electron, carbon and nitrogen supplied chemically. They have broad applicability for resource recovery from wastes and wastewater, as they have potential value as microbial product and very high growth yields on substrate. Although PPB processes are gaining relevance in the aforementioned industries, reactor design, particularly effective consideration of light in chemical kinetics and hydraulics is a critical issue. This thesis aims to assess key limitations and define their physical behaviour mathematically. The first limitation was that there was no mixed culture PPB process model describing the behaviour of PPB in the presence of ammonia, organic matter and other nutrients. The mixed population models of the International Water Association (IWA) provide a good framework for process modelling and control. As such, a process model for a mixed-culture PPB system was developed based on five key processes: photoheterotrophic growth, photoautotrophic growth, chemoheterotrophic growth, hydrolysis/fermentation, and decay. This model was developed as a set of ordinary differential equations varying in time and lumped in space (as for the IWA models). The second limitation is that the radiative field has not been considered. This can vary spatially and temporally. The radiative field in a PPB system attenuates sharply, which influences the growth domains. A CFD modelling framework was therefore developed in OpenFOAM to describe the spatial variations and interactions between biomass growth, the flow field and the radiative field. It was found that lumped modelling approaches and distributed parameter approaches differed in results based on different reactor domains and behaviours. The deviation from lumped parameter behaviour was greater for a cylindrical stirred reactor than for a flat plate reactor. Therefore, spatial considerations are necessary in the design phase of a photobioreactor. Finally, biofilms are a critical aspect in PPB growth, and a coupled biofilm radiative transfer model has not been previously considered. The model was thus extended to include biofilm formation of a mixed PPB system in the presence of a spatially varying radiative field. A volume-of-fluid approach was used as a basis for this model, considering three particulate species (phototrophic bacteria, biodegradable particulate matter, and inert particulates). The radiative-solid-liquid coupling overall was found to be critical in operation, with traditional lumped parameter approaches to design and analysis not well suited to the emerging challenges of mixed culture photo-bio systems. These aspects should be further considered through model based analysis and experimental validation for future system design.

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Section: Radiative Transfer Equation Discretisation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%