A radiographic demonstration of the circulation through the heart in the adult and in the foetus, and the identification of the ductus arteriosus

Barclay, A. E.; Barcroft, Sir Joseph; Barron, Donald H.; Franklin, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90867-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…During fetal development, however, gas exchange occurs in the placenta and oxygenated blood is carried back to the fetus through the umbilical vein. After bypassing hepatic circulation via the ductus venosus, oxygenated blood enters the inferior caval vein where it joins, but streams separately from, deoxygenated blood returning from lower portions of the developing fetus (Barclay et al, 1939; Edelstone and Rudolph, 1979; Lind and Wegelius, 1949). At the junction of the right atrium and the inferior caval vein, a flap of tissue termed the Eustachian valve directs the more dorsally located, oxygenated blood across an interatrial communication termed the foramen ovale.…”

Section: Defects In the Atrioventricular Septal Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects with special emphasis on the role of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion

2012

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Partitioning of the four-chambered heart requires the proper formation, interaction and fusion of several mesenchymal tissues derived from different precursor populations that together form the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex. This includes the major endocardial cushions and the mesenchymal cap of the septum primum, which are of endocardial origin, and the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion (DMP), which is derived from the Second Heart Field. Failure of these structures to develop and/or fully mature results in atrial septal defects (ASDs) and atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). AVSDs are congenital malformations in which the atria are permitted to communicate due to defective septation between the inferior margin of the septum primum and the atrial surface of the common atrioventricular valve. The clinical presentation of AVSDs is variable and depends on both the size and/or type of defect; less severe defects may be asymptomatic while the most severe defect, if untreated, results in infantile heart failure. For many years, maldevelopment of the endocardial cushions was thought to be the sole etiology of AVSDs. More recent work, however, has demonstrated that perturbation of DMP development also results in AVSD. Here, we discuss in detail the formation of the DMP, its contribution to cardiac septation and describe the morphological features as well as potential etiologies of ASDs and AVSDs.

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Section: Defects In the Atrioventricular Septal Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects with special emphasis on the role of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion

2012

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“…For more than 50 years it has been common knowledge in perinatal physiology that a jeopardized fetus redistributes arterial blood flow [2] in favor of three organs presumably crucial for survival: heart, brain, and adrenals [4,9]. Most other circulatory regions are characterized by increased resistance to blood flow [3,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the liver of the fetus the 4th preferential organ for arterial blood supply besides brain, heart, and adrenal glands?

Kilavuz¹,

Vetter²

1999

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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In this study we compared the distribution of blood flow to the liver in growth-retarded fetuses whose estimated weight was < 5th centile with normal-weight fetuses. As expected, the relative venous blood flow to the liver was reduced, with blood flowing preferentially through the ductus venosus. However, the total blood supply seemed to be maintained by a concomitant, significant increase in arterial blood flow through the hepatic artery. Absolute flow velocities such as the peak, minimum diastolic and temporal average velocities were changed, as was the flow waveform. Effectively, the deficiency in venous supply was made up for by an increase in arterial blood flow. This compensatory effect may be crucial for maintaining liver function in times of low portal venous blood supply. It thus makes sense to regard the liver as the fourth preferential organ for arterial blood supply in the compromised fetus, besides heart, brain, and adrenals.

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“…In these studies, they also compared the central circulation in the fetus with that of the adult (Barclay et al . ). In relation to this fiasco, Barron noted that ‘The celebrated German physiologist Carl Ludwig [(1816–1895)] is said to have remarked, “In science, method is everything.” In this study it was!’ (Barron, , p.3).…”

Section: Studies In Fetal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sir Joseph Barcroft: one victorian physiologist's contributions to a half century of discovery

Longo

2015

The Journal of Physiology

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During the first half of the 20th Century, Joseph Barcroft, KBE, FRS of Cambridge University became a world leader in respiratory physiology. He determined the role of neural stimulation in the oxygen consumption of several organs, established many of the factors that regulate the binding of oxygen to haemoglobin, explored the determinants of a human's acclimatization to high altitude and developed the field of fetal cardiovascular physiology. Chair of the Cambridge Department of Physiology from 1925 to 1937, he served as a consultant and member of many UK governmental committees. During World War I, he led a British research unit exploring the effects of poisonous gases on pulmonary function and related problems. In addition to his almost 300 publications, several of his monographs are considered as classics.

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A radiographic demonstration of the circulation through the heart in the adult and in the foetus, and the identification of the ductus arteriosus

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The pathogenesis of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects with special emphasis on the role of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion

The pathogenesis of atrial and atrioventricular septal defects with special emphasis on the role of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion

Is the liver of the fetus the 4th preferential organ for arterial blood supply besides brain, heart, and adrenal glands?

Sir Joseph Barcroft: one victorian physiologist's contributions to a half century of discovery

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