A radiohydroacoustic station for monitoring the parameters of anthropogenic impulse and noise signals on the shelf

Rutenko, A. N.; Borisov, S. V.; Kovzel, D. G.; Gritsenko, V. A.

doi:10.1134/s1063771015040090

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This response, at the natural sensitivity of the hydrophone ceramics of 1 mV/Pa, provides the dynamic range required for making acoustic measurements in the presence of flow and swell noise (Borisov et al, 2008 ). The preamplifier of the GI-50 hydrophone and the 24-bit delta-sigma ADC used in the AUARs yield an instantaneous dynamic range of more than 120 dB for a 1-Hz tonal signal (Rutenko et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic monitoring and analyses of air gun, pile driving, vessel, and ambient sounds during the 2015 seismic surveys on the Sakhalin shelf

Rutenko

Zykov²,

Gritsenko

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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During the summer of 2015, four 4D seismic surveys were conducted on the northeastern Sakhalin shelf near the feeding grounds of the Korean-Okhotsk (western) gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) population. In addition to the seismic surveys, onshore pile driving activities and vessel operations occurred. Forty autonomous underwater acoustic recorders provided data in the 2 Hz to15 kHz frequency band. Recordings were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of impulses propagating from the seismic sources. Acoustic metrics analyzed comprised peak sound pressure level (PK), mean square sound pressure level (SPL), sound exposure level (SEL), T100%, T90% (the time intervals that contain the full and 90% of the energy of the impulse), and kurtosis. The impulses analyzed differed significantly due to the variability and complexity of propagation in the shallow water of the northeast Sakhalin shelf. At larger ranges, a seismic precursor propagated in the seabed ahead of the acoustic impulse, and the impulses often interfered with each other, complicating analyses. Additional processing of recordings allowed evaluation and documentation of relevant metrics for pile driving, vessel sounds, and ambient background levels. The computed metrics were used to calibrate acoustic models, generating time resolved estimates of the acoustic levels from seismic surveys, pile driving, and vessel operations on a gray whale distribution grid and along observed gray whale tracks. This paper describes the development of the metrics and the calibrated acoustic models, both of which will be used in work quantifying gray whale behavioral and distribution responses to underwater sounds and to determine whether these observed responses have the potential to impact important parameters at the population level (e.g., reproductive success).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic monitoring and analyses of air gun, pile driving, vessel, and ambient sounds during the 2015 seismic surveys on the Sakhalin shelf

Rutenko

Zykov²,

Gritsenko

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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show abstract

“…Each of these vessels towed two 2400 in 3 air gun arrays at a depth of 5 m. Sounds generated by the seismic survey activities were logged by 40 Autonomous Underwater Acoustic Recorders (AUARs) at 48 locations (Rutenko et al, 2022 ). The recorders intended for use in the real-time monitoring were equipped with VHF-Iridium surface buoys (RI-AUARs; Rutenko et al, 2015 ) and deployed along the 20 m contour nearshore of the Odoptu and Chayvo seismic survey areas (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Monitoring Air Gun Soundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acoustic monitoring locations Acoustic Recorders (AUARs) at 48 locations (Rutenko et al, 2022). The recorders intended for use in the real-time monitoring were equipped with VHF-Iridium surface buoys (RI-AUARs; Rutenko et al, 2015) and deployed along the 20 m contour nearshore of the Odoptu and Chayvo seismic survey areas (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Monitoring Air Gun Soundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 2001 Odoptu seismic survey, anchored sonobuoys were used with analog VHF-FM radio telemetry links, which had extremely limited dynamic range and very short operational times (Rutenko et al, 2007 ). Following the 2001 survey the design moved to digital technology, and over time resulted in the development of Autonomous Underwater Acoustic Recorders (AUARs) with greater dynamic range and optional radio and Iridium telemetry functions (RI-AUARs) (Rutenko et al, 2015 ) capable of transmitting data over a large area for an extended duration, thanks in part to longer battery life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Real-time acoustic monitoring with telemetry to mitigate potential effects of seismic survey sounds on marine mammals: a case study offshore Sakhalin Island

Rutenko

Zykov²,

Gritsenko

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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Exxon Neftegas Ltd. (ENL) carried out three 4D seismic surveys during the summer of 2015. Seismic operations in two of these fields (Odoptu and Chayvo) ensonified the nearshore feeding area of Korean-Okhotsk (western) gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), potentially disturbing feeding activities. Following model-based optimization of the source design to minimize its lateral acoustic footprint, pre-season modeling was used to compute the acoustic exposure along each survey line. Real-time acoustic data facilitated implementation of mitigation measures aimed to minimize disturbance of whales. Acoustic data originated from underwater recorders deployed on the seafloor. Two complementary approaches were used to transmit recorded sound data to a computer housed at the Central Post (CP), where decisions regarding mitigation shut downs were made. In the first approach, a limited bandwidth (2–2000 Hz) sampling of the data was transmitted via cable to a surface buoy, which relayed these data to a shore station up to 15 km away via digital VHF telemetry. At the shore station, acoustic impulses from the seismic surveys were processed to compute impulse characteristics in the form of estimates of sound exposure level and peak sound pressure level, as well as one-minute-average 1/3-octave power spectral density coefficients, which were then transmitted to the CP via the internet. In the second, the pulse characteristics were computed through algorithms running on an onboard processor in each recorder’s surface buoy and sent directly to the CP computer via an Iridium satellite uplink. Both methods of data transfer proved viable, but Iridium transmission achieved the goal without the need for any shore based relay stations and is therefore more operationally efficient than VHF transmission. At the CP, analysts used the real-time acoustic data to calibrate and adjust the output of pre-season acoustical model runs. The acoustic footprint for the active seismic source, advancing synchronously with the motion of the seismic vessel and changing as the sound propagation environment changed, was computed from the calibrated and adjusted model output and integrated through the software Pythagoras with locations of gray whales provided by shore-based observers. This enabled analysts to require air gun array shutdowns before whales were exposed to mean square sound pressure levels greater than the behavioral response threshold of 163 dB re 1 μPa2. The method described here provides a realistic means of mitigating the possible effects of air guns at a behavioral response level, whereas most seismic surveys rely on pre-established mitigation radii to manage the risk of injury to a whale.

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Monitoring of anthropogenic noise on the shelf of Sakhalin Island during seismic survey research

et al. 2016

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A radiohydroacoustic station for monitoring the parameters of anthropogenic impulse and noise signals on the shelf

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Acoustic monitoring and analyses of air gun, pile driving, vessel, and ambient sounds during the 2015 seismic surveys on the Sakhalin shelf

Acoustic monitoring and analyses of air gun, pile driving, vessel, and ambient sounds during the 2015 seismic surveys on the Sakhalin shelf

Real-time acoustic monitoring with telemetry to mitigate potential effects of seismic survey sounds on marine mammals: a case study offshore Sakhalin Island

Monitoring of anthropogenic noise on the shelf of Sakhalin Island during seismic survey research

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