A Radioimmunoassay of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Human Plasma

Sarson, D. L.; Bryant, M. G.; Bloom, Stephen R.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0850487

Cited by 94 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Plasma glucose was measured using a YSI 2000 glucose analyzer. Plasma insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels were measured using established radioimmunoassays (RIAs) (12,22,36). Plasma exendin-4-like immunoreactivity (exendin-4-LI) levels were measured using our recently described RIA for exendin-(9-39) (10), which used an antiserum raised against exendin-4.…”

Section: Subjects Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exendin-4 reduces fasting and postprandial glucose and decreases energy intake in healthy volunteers

Edwards

Stanley

Davis

et al. 2001

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

440

294

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Exendin-4 reduces fasting and postprandial glucose and decreases energy intake in healthy volunteers. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281: E155-E161, 2001.-Exendin-4 is a long-acting potent agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor and may be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. We examined the effects of an intravenous infusion of exendin-4 (0.05 pmol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 ) compared with a control saline infusion in healthy volunteers. Exendin-4 reduced fasting plasma glucose levels and reduced the peak change of postprandial glucose from baseline (exendin-4, 1.5 Ϯ 0.3 vs. saline, 2.2 Ϯ 0.3 mmol/l, P Ͻ 0.05). Gastric emptying was delayed, as measured by the paracetamol absorption method. Volunteers consumed 19% fewer calories at a free-choice buffet lunch with exendin-4 (exendin-4, 867 Ϯ 79 vs. saline 1,075 Ϯ 93 kcal, P ϭ 0.012), without reported side effects. Thus our results are in accord with the possibility that exendin-4 may be a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes, particularly for obese patients, because it acts to reduce plasma glucose at least partly by a delay in gastric emptying, as well as by reducing calorie intake.glucagon-like peptide 1; glycemia; gastric emptying; type 2 diabetes GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1 (GLP-1) is released from the intestine in response to nutrient ingestion (20). Exogenous administration to humans has a number of effects that result in a decrease in plasma glucose levels. It stimulates plasma insulin levels (20), suppresses glucagon levels (22), and delays gastric emptying (27,45). There is some evidence that GLP-1 may also increase peripheral insulin sensitivity (4, 16), although this is controversial (30). GLP-1 has been shown to decrease food intake and body weight in rats when administered into the third cerebral ventricle (24,42). A number of groups have looked at the effect of GLP-1 on satiety and food intake in humans, and it appears to parallel the effect seen in rats, although not always (11,18,23,25). Recently, we infused the GLP-1 antagonist, exendin-(9-39), in humans and demonstrated that endogenous GLP-1 regulates plasma glucose levels (10), and its effects on plasma glucagon and gastric emptying appear to be physiological (10). GLP-1 has also been shown to have a physiological role in glucose homeostasis in the rat (21, 44), mouse (38), and baboon (5), although it appears that this is not always the case, as exogenous administration has little effect in the calf (9).Exendin-4 is a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the Gila monster salivary gland and acts as an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor (13, 40). Exendin-4 appears to have a considerably greater biological half-life than GLP-1 (14, 39, 46). We (10) have shown that the circulating half-life of the truncated exendin-4, exendin-(9-39), is 33 Ϯ 4 min in humans; this compares with a half-life for the biologically active intact GLP-1 of 1-3 min in a number of species (6,19,32). Thus it would appear likely that exendin-4 has a longer circulating and biological half-life than GLP-1 in hu...

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Section: Subjects Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exendin-4 reduces fasting and postprandial glucose and decreases energy intake in healthy volunteers

Edwards

Stanley

Davis

et al. 2001

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

440

294

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“…Blood samples for the measurements of plasma GIP, insulin concentrations and blood glucose levels were obtained from the antecubital vein before, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after glucose ingestion. Plasma GIP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (Sarson et al 1980). GIP antiserum was raised in rabbits using porcine GIP conjugated to hemocyanin as the antigen and did not cross-react with glucagon, secretin or VIP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response to an oral glucose load in the patients with diabetes mellitus.

Nakanome

Akai

Umezu

et al. 1983

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Plasma hormone concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassay previously described in detail and carried out by conventional methods with antisera raised to pure natural gastrin [4], natural human pancreatic polypeptide (PP) [5], pure porcine gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) [6], natural bovine neurotensin [7], and natural porcine motilin [8]. Cholecystokinin [9] was measured using a rabbit antise rum to sulphated C-terminal octapeptide of CCK (CCK.-8) showing a total cross reactivity with CCK-33.…”

Section: Test Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sur gical treatment of patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) pro vides an opportunity to study the effect o f bypassing a standard length o f terminal ileum on the integrated response o f the circulating hormones o f the gastrointestinal tract, in a healthy, young, non-obese population. 6 patients (5 male and 1 female) were studied. Ages ranged from 32 to 46 years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Partial Ileal Bypass on the Gut Hormone Responses to Food in Man

Allen¹,

Sarson²,

Adrian³

et al. 1983

Digestion

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The integrated response of the regulatory peptides of the gastrointestinal tract to a test meal was studied in six hypercholesterolaemic patients who had undergone partial ileal bypass (PIB) and compared with responses in ten age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma motilin was found to rise significantly whereas plasma pancreatic polypeptide release was impaired after PIB. Plasma cholecystokinin rose promptly in both controls and the partial ileal bypass patients, and the latter group showed marked further rises, at 60 and 120 minutes after the meal, which were significantly higher than controls. Basal and postprandial plasma gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, neurotensin, enteroglucagon, insulin and pancreatic glucagon were similar in the two groups.

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A Radioimmunoassay of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Human Plasma

Cited by 94 publications

References 17 publications

Exendin-4 reduces fasting and postprandial glucose and decreases energy intake in healthy volunteers

Exendin-4 reduces fasting and postprandial glucose and decreases energy intake in healthy volunteers

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response to an oral glucose load in the patients with diabetes mellitus.

Effect of Partial Ileal Bypass on the Gut Hormone Responses to Food in Man

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