A randomised controlled intervention study investigating the efficacy of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables and extra-virgin olive oil on attenuating sarcopenic symptomology in overweight and obese older adults during energy intake restriction: protocol paper

Abstract

BackgroundWeight loss interventions have not been advocated for overweight/obese older adults due to potential loss of skeletal muscle and strength impacting on physical function with potential loss of independence. Carotenoids and polyphenols are inversely associated with sarcopenic symptomology. This paper reports the protocol of a study evaluating the efficacy of a high-protein, energy restricted diet rich in carotenoids and polyphenols on body composition, muscle strength, physical performance and quality of life in overweight and obese older adults.MethodsThis randomised controlled clinical trial will recruit community-dwelling, healthy overweight and obese older adults (≥60 years) for a 12-week weight loss intervention. Seventy-three participants will be recruited and randomized to an energy restricted (~30% restriction), isocaloric diet (30% protein; 30% carbohydrate; 40% fat) enriched with either: a) 375 g/d of high carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d high carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO); or b) 375 g/d of lower carotenoid vegetables, 300 g/d lower carotenoid fruit, and 40-60 ml Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) based oil. All participants will receive individual dietary counselling each fortnight for the duration of the study and will be asked to maintain their habitual level of physical activity throughout the study. The primary outcome will be appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes will include body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), muscle strength (Isometric hand-grip strength), physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and health related quality of life (SF-36). Outcomes will be measured at baseline and at week 12.DiscussionThe results of this study will provide a novel insight relating to the potential influence of high carotenoid and polyphenol intakes on attenuation of ASM during dietary energy-restricted weight loss in overweight and obese older adults.Trial registrationThe trial was registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ACTRN12616001400459); Trial registration date: 10th October, 2016.

Olive leaf extract supplementation improves the vascular and metabolic alterations associated with aging in Wistar rats

“…The effect of OLE attenuating body weight loss in old rats may be explained, at least in part, by the significant increase in muscle mass in old treated rats since skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of total body mass. In agreement with this, it is reported that supplementation with secoiridoids from olive oil attenuates sarcopenia in overweight and obese older adults 30 .…”

Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy

“…Interestingly, a recent study showed that higher dietary intake of antioxidants including vitamin E, and vitamin C (especially, vitamin C) and carotenoid were reversely associated with indices of sarcopenia in women [175]. Consistency, carotenoid-and polyphenol-rich diet ameliorated the skeletal muscle atrophy [176]. However, the use of the antioxidant supplement for sarcopenia patients need to be further explored.…”

In silico analysis of antidiabetic potential of phenolic compounds from blue corn (Zea mays L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…One of the most important lifestyle factors is the diet. Epidemiological studies have shown that diets with consumption patterns rich in fruits and vegetables could have an impact on glucose levels in diabetic patients (Mellendick et al, 2018;Ramírez-Silva et al, 2009;Villani et al, 2018). Polyphenols are one of the most abundant group of bioactive compounds in plants, fruits and vegetables.…”