“…[8,9] Regimens using accelerated radiation therapy have been somewhat disappointing in that although loco regional control rates may be improved, there has been unacceptable acute and late toxicity. [10][11][12] Hyperfractionated radiation regimens have shown improved loco regional control compared to conventional radiation therapy, [13] which may be further enhanced with concurrent chemotherapy, [14] but this doubles radiation machine workloads. It is now accepted that chemotherapy is more effective when given concurrently rather than sequentially with radiation therapy.…”
“…[8,9] Regimens using accelerated radiation therapy have been somewhat disappointing in that although loco regional control rates may be improved, there has been unacceptable acute and late toxicity. [10][11][12] Hyperfractionated radiation regimens have shown improved loco regional control compared to conventional radiation therapy, [13] which may be further enhanced with concurrent chemotherapy, [14] but this doubles radiation machine workloads. It is now accepted that chemotherapy is more effective when given concurrently rather than sequentially with radiation therapy.…”
“…1 The high dose target volume including the tongue base, part of the oral tongue, and the upper deep cervical nodes received a total dose of 56.75 Gy in 36 fractions over 12 days. The dose to elective nodal areas was 37.5 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.5 Gy.…”
Endothelial cell injury is implicated in the development of radiation induced tissue damage and may also be involved in the pathophysiology of secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. Two patients are presented in whom the typical symptoms and signs of Raynaud’s phenomenon developed as a late complication of radical radiotherapy. One had Raynaud’s of the tongue and one of the lip. Both patients had a prior history of primary Raynaud’s phenomenon and in each case the symptoms were repeatedly precipitated by sudden cold exposure. The possible pathogenesis of radiation induced Raynaud’s phenomenon in the head and neck region is discussed.
“…A period of ve years was required until adequate numbers were included and this was achieved in April 1995. An initial report was made the following year (10) but the de nitive reports concerning the two trials were not published until 1997 and 1998 (11,12). The implementation into clinical practice in non-small cell lung cancer, is presently still being effected and the approach is still far from being universally accepted even in the United Kingdom where it was developed (13).…”
Section: The Time Scale Of Translational Researchmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If the radiation dose had been 4% greater and if a gamma value of 2 applies, then the difference might have been 12%, which would certainly have been statistically signi cant (12). One can conclude that a randomized controlled trial should test the exact regimen employed in the pilot study.…”
Section: Does Translational Research Yield Too Many Contradictory Andmentioning
The term 'Translational Research' has been increasingly used during the past decade. Julie Denekamp defines the term as 'involved with the detailed assessment of the factors influencing tumour specificity of action in order to achieve the successful implementation of a laboratory concept into a clinical protocol'. Translational research needs laboratory and clinical research units with dedicated staff who can work together. Only the careful planning and performance of clinical trials gathering all the data that may relate to the response of tumour and to that of normal tissues will allow advances in knowledge and lead to improvement in the care of patients with cancer.
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